Abstract: The present invention relates to a polishing apparatus and a polishing method for polishing a flat portion of a substrate, such as a wafer. The polishing apparatus (100) includes: a substrate holder configured to hold a substrate (W) and rotate the substrate W; a polishing-tape feeding mechanism (141) configured to advance a polishing tape (3) in its longitudinal direction; and at least one polishing head (10) arranged near a flat portion of the substrate (W), wherein the polishing head (10) has a fluid pressing structure (12) configured to press the polishing tape (3) with fluid against the flat portion of the substrate, and the fluid pressing structure (12) has a fluid supply port (13) arranged so as to face a back surface of the polishing tape (3).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging device, a method for driving the solid-state imaging device, and an electronic device capable of improving auto-focusing accuracy by using a phase difference signal obtained by using a photoelectric conversion film. The solid-state imaging device includes a pixel including a photoelectric conversion portion having a structure where a photoelectric conversion film is interposed by an upper electrode on the photoelectric conversion film and a lower electrode under the photoelectric conversion film. The upper electrode is divided into a first upper electrode and a second upper electrode. The present disclosure can be applied to, for example, a solid-state imaging device or the like.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel to be used in a vertical orientation includes: a first substrate; a second substrate located opposite to the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. When a position of a top end of the liquid crystal layer is defined as a first position and a position of a bottom end of the liquid crystal layer is defined as a second position when the liquid crystal display panel is placed in the vertical orientation, a distance between the first substrate and the second substrate when the liquid crystal panel is in a horizontal orientation gradually decreases from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: A method of setting a common electrode voltage of a liquid crystal display panel in a liquid crystal module is provided. The liquid crystal module includes the liquid crystal display panel including an alignment film, and a backlight disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel. The method of setting a common electrode voltage of a liquid crystal display panel includes: eliminating an electric charge of the alignment film by turning on the backlight without driving the liquid crystal display panel to emit light of the backlight onto the liquid crystal display panel; and setting the common electrode voltage of the liquid crystal display panel by adjusting the common electrode voltage, after the eliminating of the electric charge.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel to be used in a vertical orientation includes: a first substrate; a second substrate located opposite to the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. When a position of a top end of the liquid crystal layer is defined as a first position and a position of a bottom end of the liquid crystal layer is defined as a second position when the liquid crystal display panel is placed in the vertical orientation, a distance between the first substrate and the second substrate when the liquid crystal panel is in a horizontal orientation gradually decreases from the first position to the second position.

Abstract: A method of setting a common electrode voltage of a liquid crystal display panel in a liquid crystal module is provided. The liquid crystal module includes the liquid crystal display panel including an alignment film, and a backlight disposed behind the liquid crystal display panel. The method of setting a common electrode voltage of a liquid crystal display panel includes: eliminating an electric charge of the alignment film by turning on the backlight without driving the liquid crystal display panel to emit light of the backlight onto the liquid crystal display panel; and setting the common electrode voltage of the liquid crystal display panel by adjusting the common electrode voltage, after the eliminating of the electric charge.

Abstract: A photo-aligning liquid crystal aligning agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment layer capable of materializing a liquid crystal display device, which has a high transmittance while maintaining a liquid crystal aligning property, a voltage holding ratio and the like, and in which flickering is inhibited from being caused after operating for a long time. The photo-aligning liquid crystal aligning agent contains [A] polyamic acid or a derivative thereof which is synthesized by reacting tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and diamine, and [B] polyamic acid or a derivative thereof obtained by reacting tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having no photoreactive structure and diamine having no photoreactive structure.

Abstract: A photo-aligning liquid crystal aligning agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment layer capable of materializing a liquid crystal display device, which has a high transmittance while maintaining a liquid crystal aligning property, a voltage holding ratio and the like, and in which flickering is inhibited from being caused after operating for a long time. The photo-aligning liquid crystal aligning agent contains [A] polyamic acid or a derivative thereof which is synthesized by reacting tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and diamine, and [B] polyamic acid or a derivative thereof obtained by reacting tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having no photoreactive structure and diamine having no photoreactive structure.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display element including a pair of a substrate arranged opposite to each other, an electrode group disposed on one side or both sides of the pair of substrates facing each other, a plurality of active elements connected to the electrode group, a liquid crystal alignment film disposed on each facing side of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured by irradiating linearly polarized light to a film obtained from polyamic acid or a derivative thereof having a photoisomerization structure in the main chain or a film being subject to heat-baking so as to provide alignment-controlling capability, and the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal composition having negative (?) dielectric anisotropy. By the present invention, a liquid crystal display element having improved image sticking characteristics and good alignment stability is provided.

Abstract: A photo-aligning liquid crystal alignment layer formed by using a photo-aligning liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyamic acid or a derivative thereof which is synthesized by using tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having no photoreactive structure having a specific structure and diamine having no photoreactive structure having a specific structure together with at least one of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having a photoreactive structure and diamine having a photoreactive structure can reduce storage of residual DC in a liquid crystal display device. Further, the above alignment layer can shorten the relaxation time and can prevent afterimages from being generated.

Abstract: A photo-aligning liquid crystal alignment layer formed by using a photo-aligning liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyamic acid or a derivative thereof which is synthesized by using tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having no photoreactive structure having a specific structure and diamine having no photoreactive structure having a specific structure together with at least one of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having a photoreactive structure and diamine having a photoreactive structure can reduce storage of residual DC in a liquid crystal display device. Further, the above alignment layer can shorten the relaxation time and can prevent afterimages from being generated.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device including a pair of a substrate arranged opposite to each other, an electrode group disposed on one side or both sides of the pair of substrates facing each other, a plurality of active devices connected to the electrode group, a liquid crystal alignment film disposed on each facing side of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured by irradiating linearly polarized light to a film obtained from polyamic acid or a derivative thereof having a photoisomerization structure in the main chain or a film being subject to heat-baking so as to provide alignment-controlling capability, and the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal composition having negative (?) dielectric anisotropy. By the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having improved image sticking characteristics and good alignment stability is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device including a pair of a substrate arranged opposite to each other, an electrode group disposed on one side or both sides of the pair of substrates facing each other, a plurality of active devices connected to the electrode group, a liquid crystal alignment film disposed on each facing side of the pair of substrates, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of substrates, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is manufactured by irradiating linearly polarized light to a film obtained from polyamic acid or a derivative thereof having a photoisomerization structure in the main chain or a film being subject to heat-baking so as to provide alignment-controlling capability, and the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal composition having negative (?) dielectric anisotropy. By the present invention, a liquid crystal display device having improved image sticking characteristics and good alignment stability is provided.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a photo-aligning liquid crystal aligning agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment layer capable of materializing a liquid crystal display device which has a high transmittance while maintaining a liquid crystal aligning property, a voltage holding ratio and the like and in which flickering is inhibited from being caused after operated for a long time.

Abstract: A photo-aligning liquid crystal alignment layer formed by using a photo-aligning liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyamic acid or a derivative thereof which is synthesized by using tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having no photoreactive structure having a specific structure and diamine having no photoreactive structure having a specific structure together with at least one of tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride having a photoreactive structure and diamine having a photoreactive structure can reduce storage of residual DC in a liquid crystal display device. Further, the above alignment layer can shorten the relaxation time and can prevent afterimages from being generated.