Abstract: A fluorescent lamp providing improved maintenance and brightness includes an alkaline earth halophosphate (Cool-White) phosphor, e.g. a calcium halophosphate phosphor, having a continuous protective bilayer coating of alumina surrounding silica surrounding the phosphor particles. The lamp may be a high color rendition fluorescent lamp in which a first layer of alkaline earth halophosphate phosphor coats an inner surface of the lamp envelope, and a second layer of phosphor overlies the first layer of phosphor. The second layer of phosphor is a mixture of red, blue and green emitting phosphors, at least one of these being a zinc silicate phosphor. Each of the alkaline earth halophosphate and zinc silicate phosphors have a bilayer coating in which a coating of alumina surrounds a coating of silica which surrounds the phosphor.

Abstract: A coated electroluminescent phosphor and an electroluminescent device using the phosphor. The phosphor is coated with a hydrolyzed alkylaluminum coating which renders the phosphors insensitive to atmospheric moisture. The coating process involves vaporizing an aluminum-containing precursor such as trimethylaIuminum or triethylaluminum in an inert gas stream and passing this through a fluidized bed containing the phosphor particles. Water vapor is also passed through the fluidized bed and the water and aluminum precursor react on the surface of the phosphor particles to form hydrolyzed trimethylaluminum or other alkylaluminum. The electroluminescent device includes a first transparent electrode and a second electrode; an electroluminescent phosphor layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a transparent substrate supporting the first electrode. The first electrode is disposed between the transparent substrate and the phosphor layer.

Abstract: A method for coating finely divided material with titania is disclosed. The method involves the fluidization of the finely divided material in an inert carrier gas containing vaporized titanium isopropoxide. The isothermal fluidized bed is kept at a temperature equal to or below approximately 300.degree. C. The vaporized titanium isopropoxide reacts to form a coating of titania on the surfaces of the particles within the fluidized bed. The greatest coating efficiency occurs when the fluidized bed is kept at approximately 300.degree. C. for approximately the first 10 minutes of the reaction and thereafter at approximated 250.degree. C. The titania coating process is particularly useful for electroluminescent phosphors such as copper doped zinc sulfide phosphor. The titania coated electroluminescent phosphors are relatively insensitive to moisture. Lamps made from the coated electroluminescent phosphor are also relatively insensitive to moisture.

Abstract: A phosphor having a continuous protective bi-layer coating of alumina surrounding silica surrounding the phosphor particles is disclosed. The method of making a bi-layer coating on phosphor particles is also disclosed. The first layer surrounding the phosphor is silica. The second layer surrounding the phosphor is alumina. The bi-layer phosphor is useful in fluorescent lamps providing improved maintenance and brightness. The bi-layer phosphor can also be used in high color rendition lamps employing blends of phosphors.

Abstract: A phosphor having a continuous protective bi-layer coating of alumina surrounding silica surrounding the phosphor particles is disclosed. The method of making a bi-layer coating on phosphor particles is also disclosed. The first layer surrounding the phosphor is silica. The second layer surrounding the phosphor is alumina. The bi-layer phosphor is useful in fluorescent lamps providing improved maintenance and brightness. The bi-layer phosphor can also be used in high color rendition lamps employing blends of phosphors.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for coating phosphors with hydrolyzed alkylaluminum. The hydrolyzed alkylaluminum coating renders the phosphors insensitive to atmospheric moisture. the coating process involves vaporizing an aluminum-containing precursor such as trimethylaluminum or triethylaluminum in an inert gas stream and passing this through a fluidized bed containing the phosphor particles. Water vapor is also passed through the fluidized bed and the water and aluminum precursor react on the surface of the phosphor particles to form hydrolyzed trimethylaluminum or other alkylaluminum. The hydrolyzed trimethylaluminum or other alkylaluminum phosphors are particularly useful in electroluminescent lamps.

Abstract: The method of making a bi-layer coating on phosphor particles is disclosed. The first layer surrounding the phosphor is silica. The second layer surrounding the phosphor is alumina. The bi-layer phosphor is useful in fluorescent lamps providing improved maintenance and brightness. The bi-layer phosphor can also be used in high color rendition lamps employing blends of phosphors.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for applying a continuous protective coating to the surface of individual phosphor particles. The method involves chemical vapor deposition of an aluminum oxide coating on individual particles of a phosphor powder while the particles are suspended in a fluidized bed. The particles in the fluidized bed are exposed to vaporized coating precursor material, preferably aluminum isopropoxide at a temperature above 300.degree. C. The bed is kept at as nearly an isothermal condition as possible. Prior to entering the fluidized bed the aluminum isopropoxide is vaporized and kept at a temperature less than the decomposition temperature of aluminum isopropoxide. Mechanical means are used to help increase the fluidization efficiency of the fluidized bed. After coating the phosphor particles for approximately 30 minutes the vaporized precursor material is shut off from the bed entrance and the oxygen flow rate to the fluidized bed is increased.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for applying a continuous protective coating to the surface of individual phosphor particles. The method involves chemical vapor deposition of an aluminum oxide coating on individual particles of a phosphor powder while the particles are suspended in a fluidized bed. The particles in the fluidized bed are exposed to vaporized coating precursor material, preferably aluminum isopropoxide at a temperature above 300.degree. C. The bed is kept at as nearly an isothermal condition as possible. Prior to entering the fluidized bed the aluminum isopropoxide is vaporized and kept at a temperature less than the decomposition temperature of aluminum isopropoxide. Mechanical means are used to help increase the fluidization efficiency of the fluidized bed. After coating the phosphor particles for approximately 30 minutes the vaporized precursor material is shut off from the bed entrance and the oxygen flow rate to the fluidized bed is increased.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell having an oxidizable active anode material, a cathode current collector, and an electrolytic solution comprising a liquid cathode material and an electrolyte solute dissolved therein. The solute consists of the reaction product of a Lewis acid, a first Lewis base, and a second Lewis base. In a specific embodiment the anode material is lithium, the liquid cathode material is thionyl chloride, the Lewis acid is aluminum chloride, the first Lewis base is lithium iodide, and the second Lewis base is lithium chloride.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell having an oxidizable active anode material, a cathode current collector, and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution consists essentially of liquid cathode material, an electrolyte solute for imparting conductivity, and iodine monochloride for catalyzing the electroreduction of the liquid cathode material. In specific embodiments the anode material was lithium, the liquid cathode material was thionyl chloride or sulfuryl chloride and the electrolyte solute was lithium tetrachloroaluminate.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell having an oxidizable active anode material, a cathode current collector, and an electrolytic solution. The electrolytic solution consists essentially of liquid cathode material, an electrolyte solute for imparting conductivity, and molecular iodine for catalyzing the electroreduction of the liquid cathode material. In a specific embodiment the anode material is lithium, the liquid cathode material is thionyl chloride, and the electrolyte solute is lithium tetrachloroaluminate.

Abstract: A lithium/oxyhalide electrochemical cell in which the lithium anode electrode is coated with a cured epoxy resin film.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell having an oxidizable active anode material, a cathode current collector, and an electrolytic solution comprising a reducible liquid cathode material and an electrolyte solute dissolved therein. The cathode current collector includes a mixture of carbon and copper sulfide on a conductive substrate.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell having an oxidizable active anode material, a cathode current colletor including a layer of a catalyst material for reducing the liquid cathode material, and an electrolytic solution comprising a liquid cathode material and an electrolyte solute dissolved therein. The catalyst material comprises a carbon black having a surface area of 250 square meters per gram or greater and a dibutyl phthalate absorption number of 125 cubic centimeters per 100 grams of carbon black or greater.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell having an oxidizable active anode material, a cathode current collector, and an electrolytic solution comprising a liquid cathode material and an electrolyte solute dissolved therein. The cathode current collector includes a catalytic material comprising a mixture of carbon and a polymer which is the product of the reaction of a transition metal salt such as ferric acetylacetonate or colbaltic acetylacetonate with tetracyanoethylene.

Abstract: Disclosed is a primary electrochemical cell having an improved cathode current collector and a method for making the current collector. The cell comprises an oxidizable active anode material; and electrolytic solution comprising a reducible soluble cathode and an electrolyte solute dissolved therein; and a cathode current collector comprising a layer of finely-divided catalyst for reducing the solvent, bonded to an inert, electrically-conductive substrate. Preferably, a bonding layer, comprising a finely-divided polymer and a minor amount of conductive material, bonds the catalyst layer to the substrate. The bonding and catalyst layers preferably can be formed by sequentially applying respective dispersions thereof to the substrate, drying, and heating to bond the materials. Soluble cathode cells employing cathode current collectors of the type described have exceptionally rapid discharge properties.

Abstract: A primary electrochemical cell having an oxidizable active anode material, a cathode current collector including a catalytic layer for reducing the liquid cathode material, and an electrolytic solution comprising a liquid cathode material and an electrolyte solute dissolved therein. The catalyst layer is a composite material of carbon black particles with platinum particles supported thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a primary electrochemical cell having an improved cathode current collector and a method for making the current collector. The cell comprises an oxidizable active anode material; and electrolytic solution comprising a reducible soluble cathode and an electrolyte solute dissolved therein; and a cathode current collector comprising a layer of finely-divided catalyst for reducing the solvent, bonded to an inert, electrically-conductive substrate. Preferably, a bonding layer, comprising a finely-divided polymer and a minor amount of conductive material, bonds the catalyst layer to the substrate. The bonding and catalyst layers preferably can be formed by sequentially applying respective dispersions thereof to the substrate, drying, and heating to bond the materials. Soluble cathode cells employing cathode current collectors of the type described have exceptionally rapid discharge properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a primary electrochemical cell which employs a lithium metal anode, a lead sulfate cathode, and an electrolyte solution comprising a lithium salt in an organic solvent. The cell has an operating voltage and energy density sufficiently close to conventional 1.5 V cells to permit their direct replacement.