Abstract: A dried composition with various shapes that has heat resistance by which the dried composition is less likely to melt even being boiled and restorability (imbibition), and food product containing the dried composition. The dried composition including: agar and alginate at a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:20, the alginate contains a salt of a monovalent cation and a salt of a divalent cation, the divalent cation is 0.04 to 0.30 mol per mol and further the monovalent cation is 0.10 to 0.70 mol per mol with respect to a monomeric unit of the alginate, a mol ratio of the divalent cation to the monovalent cation is 1.0:0.35 to 1.0:8.70, and the dried composition absorbs water and swells in distilled water at 20° C. and distilled water at 90° C., and in both the cases dried composition becomes a gel having a weight of 15 to 100 times of the dried composition.

Abstract: A dried composition with various shapes that has heat resistance by which the dried composition is less likely to melt even being boiled and restorability (imbibition), and food product containing the dried composition. The dried composition including: agar and alginate at a weight ratio of 1:1 to 1:20, the alginate contains a salt of a monovalent cation and a salt of a divalent cation, the divalent cation is 0.04 to 0.30 mol per mol and further the monovalent cation is 0.10 to 0.70 mol per mol with respect to a monomeric unit of the alginate, a mol ratio of the divalent cation to the monovalent cation is 1.0:0.35 to 1.0:8.70, and the dried composition absorbs water and swells in distilled water at 20° C. and distilled water at 90° C., and in both the cases dried composition becomes a gel having a weight of 15 to 100 times of the dried composition.

Abstract: A permanent magnet for a particle accelerator and a magnetic field generator, in which Nd—Fe—B based magnets are used but are not demagnetized so easily even when exposed to a radiation, are provided. A permanent magnet for a particle accelerator is used in an environment in which the magnet is exposed to a radiation at an absorbed dose of at least 3,000 Gy. The magnet includes R (which is at least one of the rare-earth elements), B, TM (which is at least one transition element and includes Fe) and inevitably contained impurity elements. The magnet is a sintered magnet that has been magnetized to a permeance coefficient of 0.5 or more and that has a coercivity HcJ of 1.6 MA/m or more.

Abstract: An anisotropic thin-film rare-earth permanent magnet endowed with high magnetic characteristics by rendering a vapor-phase-grown thin film anisotropic in the layering direction. The atomic laminate units are formed by laminating a monoatomic layer of a rare earth element on a substrate of a non-magnetic material having, a flat smoothness and then by laminating an atomic laminate of a transition metal element having a plurality of monoatomic layers of a transition metal element, so that the atomic laminate units of a characteristic construction are laminated in a plurality of layers. As a result, each atomic laminate of the transition metal element has an easy magnetizable axis in the laminate direction of the monoatomic layers and which are sandwiched between a monoatomic layer of a rare-earth element so that an inverse magnetic domain is suppressed to establish a strong coercive force.

Abstract: Permanent magnets in which the ferromagnetic phase is matched with the grain boundary phase, and permanent magnets in which magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the vicinity of the outermost shell of the major phase is equivalent in intensity to that in the inside to suppress nucleation of the reverse magnetic domain, more specifically having a magnetocrystalline anisotropy not less than one-half the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the interiors of the ferromagnetic grains, are disclosed.

Abstract: A permanent magnet for a particle accelerator and a magnetic field generator, in which Nd—Fe—B based magnets are used but are not demagnetized so easily even when exposed to a radiation, are provided. A permanent magnet for a particle accelerator is used in an environment in which the magnet is exposed to a radiation at an absorbed dose of at least 3,000 Gy. The magnet includes R (which is at least one of the rare-earth elements), B, TM (which is at least one transition element and includes Fe) and inevitably contained impurity elements. The magnet is a sintered magnet that has been magnetized to a permeance coefficient of 0.5 or more and that has a coercivity HcJ of 1.6 MA/m or more.

Abstract: Permanent magnets in which the ferromagnetic phase is matched with the grain boundary phase, and permanent magnets in which magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the vicinity of the outermost shell of the major phase is equivalent in intensity to that in the inside to suppress nucleation of the reverse magnetic domain, more specifically having a magnetocrystalline anisotropy not less than one-half the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the interiors of the ferromagnetic grains, are disclosed.

Abstract: A compact is produced from an alloy powder for R—Fe—B type rare earth magnets including particles having a size in a range of about 2.0 &mgr;m to about 5.0 &mgr;m as measured by a light scattering method using a Fraunhofer forward scattering in a proportion of approximately 45 vol. % or more and particles having a size larger than about 10 &mgr;m in a proportion of less than about 1 vol. %. The compact is then sintered to obtain a R—Fe—B type rare earth magnet having an average crystal grain size in a range of about 5 &mgr;m to about 7.5 &mgr;m, and an oxygen concentration in a range of about 2.2 at. % to about 3.0 at. %.

Abstract: A thin film rare earth permanent magnet capable of makino the thin film by vapor growth anisotropic ina lamination direction, and a method for manufacturing the permanent magnet. There are repeated a number of operations to form atomic laminate units (13) by laminating a monoatomic layer (10) of a rare earth element on a substrate (1) of a non-magnetic material havinc, a flat smoothness and then by laminating an atomic laminate (12) of a transient metal element having a plurality of monoatomic layers (11) of a transient metal element, so that the atomic laminate units (13) of a characteristic construction are laminated in a plurality of layers. As a result, each atomic laminate (12) has an easily mao, netizable axis in the laminate direction of the monoatomic layers (11), and is sandwiched between the monoatomic layers (10, 10) of the rare earth element so that an inverse magnetic domain is suppressed to establish a strong coercive force.

Abstract: In this invention, enhancement of the coercive force of the Fe—B—R based magnetic anisotropic sintered magnets was studied by increasing a content of B and, in addition, containing into material a small amount of such as Al, Si, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Mn effective of enhancing the coercive force and excluding from the material harmful impurities such as P, S, and Sb. This material was powdered by usual melting, casting, crushing, or direct reduction method. This powder was subjected to orientation in a magnetic field, compacted, sintered and subjected to heat treatment. Thus the Fe—B—R based sintered permanent magnets were obtained that have the maximum energy product more than 20 MGOe and the coercive force more than 15 kOe.

Abstract: A compact is produced from an alloy powder for R—Fe—B type rare earth magnets including particles having a size in a range of about 2.0 &mgr;m to about 5.0 &mgr;m as measured by a light scattering method using a Fraunhofer forward scattering in a proportion of approximately 45 vol. % or more and particles having a size larger than about 10 &mgr;m in a proportion of less than about 1 vol. %. The compact is then sintered to obtain a R—Fe—B type rare earth magnet having an average crystal grain size in a range of about 5 &mgr;m to about 7.5 &mgr;m, and an oxygen concentration in a range of about 2.2 at. % to about 3.0 at. %.

Abstract: A compact is produced from an alloy powder for R—Fe—B type rare earth magnets including particles having a size in a range of about 2.0 &mgr;m to about 5.0 &mgr;m as measured by a light scattering method using a Fraunhofer forward scattering in a proportion of approximately 45 vol. % or more and particles having a size larger than about 10 &mgr;m in a proportion of less than about 1 vol. %. The compact is then sintered to obtain a R—Fe—B type rare earth magnet having an average crystal grain size in a range of about 5 &mgr;m to about 7.5 &mgr;m, and an oxygen concentration in a range of about 2.2 at. % to about 3.0 at. %.

Abstract: Permanent magnets in which the ferromagnetic phase is matched with the grain boundary phase, and permanent magnets in which magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the vicinity of the outermost shell of the major phase is equivalent in intensity to that in the inside to suppress nucleation of the reverse magnetic domain, more specifically having a magnetocrystalline anisotropy not less than one-half the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the interiors of the ferromagnetic grains, are disclosed.

Abstract: Permanent magnets in which the ferromagnetic phase is matched with the grain boundary phase, and permanent magnets in which magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the vicinity of the outermost shell of the major phase is equivalent in intensity to that in the inside to suppress nucleation of the reverse magnetic domain, more specifically having a magnetocrystalline anisotropy not less than one-half the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the interiors of the ferromagnetic grains, are disclosed.

Abstract: Permanent magnets in which the ferromagnetic phase is matched with the grain boundary phase, and permanent magnets in which magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the vicinity of the outermost shell of the major phase is equivalent in intensity to that in the inside to suppress nucleation of the inverse magnetic domain. Guideline for designing permanent magnets having high magnetic performance is provided.

Abstract: In this invention, enhancement of the coercive force of the Fe-B-R based magnetic anisotropic sintered magnets was studied by increasing a content of B and, in addition, containing into material a small amount of such as Al, Si, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Mn effective of enhancing the coercive force and excluding from the material harmful impurities such as P, S, and Sb. This material was powdered by usual melting, casting, crushing, or direct reduction method. This powder was subjected to orientation in a magnetic field, compacted, sintered and subjected to heat treatment. Thus the Fe-B-R based sintered permanent magnets were obtained that have the maximum energy product more than 20MGOe and the coercive force more than 15kOe.

Abstract: Manufacture by rolling silicon steel having a silicon content of 3 wt % or greater and by rolling thin sendust sheet is implemented by powder metallurgical fabrication using powder as the starting raw material, and the average crystal grain size of the sheet-form sintered body or quick-cooled steel sheet is made 300 pm or less, whereby intra-grain slip transformation occurs after slip transformation in the grain boundaries, wherefore cold rolling is rendered possible. In addition, a mixture powder wherein pure iron powder and Fe—Si powder are mixed together in a prescribed proportion is fabricated with a powder metallurgy technique, and an iron-rich phase is caused to remain in the sintered body, whereby cold rolling is possible using the plastic transformation of those crystal grains. Furthermore, when a minute amount of a non-magnetic metal element such as Ti, V, or Al, etc.

Abstract: A compact is produced from an alloy powder for R—Fe—B type rare earth magnets including particles having a size in a range of about 2.0 &mgr;m to about 5.0 &mgr;m as measured by a light scattering method using a Fraunhofer forward scattering in a proportion of approximately 45 vol. % or more and particles having a size larger than about 10 &mgr;m in a proportion of less than about 1 vol. %. The compact is then sintered to obtain a R—Fe—B type rare earth magnet having an average crystal grain size in a range of about 5 &mgr;m to about 7.5 &mgr;m, and an oxygen concentration in a range of about 2.2 at. % to about 3.0 at. %.

Abstract: A forming apparatus comprises a die formed with a through hole for provision of a cavity. A feeder box stored with a raw material powder having an average grain diameter of 0.1 &mgr;m˜500 &mgr;m is positioned above the cavity of the die, and the raw material powder is allowed to fall into the cavity while an inside of the feeder box and an inside of the cavity are each maintained at a pressure not greater than 10 kPa. During the supply of the raw material powder, the feeder box may be vibrated, or the supply may be made via a hose. The raw material powder may be a granulated powder or a rare-earth alloy powder. The raw material powder supplied in the cavity is pressed by an upper punch and a lower punch into a compact.

Abstract: In this invention, enhancement of the coercive force of the Fe—B-R based magnetic anisotropic sintered magnets was studied by increasing a content of B and, in addition, containing into material a small amount of such as Al, Si, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Mn effective of enhancing the coercive force and excluding from the material harmful impurities such as P, S, and Sb. This material was powdered by usual melting, casting, crushing, or direct reduction method. This powder was subjected to orientation in a magnetic field, compacted, sintered and subjected to heat treatment. Thus the Fe-B-R based sintered permanent magnets were obtained that have the maximum energy product more than 20MGOe and the coercive force more than 15kOe.