Abstract: A wave plate 1 according to an embodiment includes a first birefringent substrate 10 including a first main surface and an optical axis 13 in a first direction; a second birefringent substrate 20 disposed over the first birefringent substrate 10 and including a second main surface and an optical axis 23 in a second direction; and a third birefringent substrate 30 disposed over the second birefringent substrate 20 and including a third main surface and an optical axis 33 in a third direction. The first birefringent substrate 10 and the second birefringent substrate 20 are made of the same kind of birefringent material. The first main surface, the second main surface, and the third main surface are disposed in parallel to one another. The first direction and the second direction are parallel to the first main surface and the second main surface.

Abstract: In a bonded substrate according to an embodiment, Euler angles (?1, ?1, ?1) of a first quartz-crystal substrate satisfy 0°??1?2°, 123°??1?128°, and 31°??1?44°, Euler angles (?2, ?2, ?2) of a second quartz-crystal substrate bonded over the first quartz-crystal substrate satisfy 83°??2?95°, 82°??2?95°, and 159°??2?161°, and a thickness of the second quartz-crystal substrate is 0.17 to 0.19 times a wavelength of a surface acoustic wave.

Abstract: In a surface acoustic wave resonator according to an embodiment, a quartz-crystal substrate includes an AT-cut 0° X-propagation first quartz-crystal substrate and a Z-cut second quartz-crystal substrate bonded over the first quartz-crystal substrate. A propagation direction of a surface acoustic wave in the second quartz-crystal substrate is inclined from an X-axis of a crystal by 27 to 33°, 87 to 93°, or 147 to 153°, and a thickness of the second quartz-crystal substrate is 0.2 to 1.0 times a wavelength of the surface acoustic wave.

Abstract: A wave plate 1 according to an embodiment includes a first birefringent substrate 10 including a first main surface and an optical axis 13 in a first direction; a second birefringent substrate 20 disposed over the first birefringent substrate 10 and including a second main surface and an optical axis 23 in a second direction; and a third birefringent substrate 30 disposed over the second birefringent substrate 20 and including a third main surface and an optical axis 33 in a third direction. The first birefringent substrate 10 and the second birefringent substrate 20 are made of the same kind of birefringent material. The first main surface, the second main surface, and the third main surface are disposed in parallel to one another. The first direction and the second direction are parallel to the first main surface and the second main surface.

Abstract: In a surface acoustic wave resonator according to an embodiment, a quartz-crystal substrate includes an AT-cut 0° X-propagation first quartz-crystal substrate and a Z-cut second quartz-crystal substrate bonded over the first quartz-crystal substrate. A propagation direction of a surface acoustic wave in the second quartz-crystal substrate is inclined from an X-axis of a crystal by 27 to 33°, 87 to 93°, or 147 to 153°, and a thickness of the second quartz-crystal substrate is 0.2 to 1.0 times a wavelength of the surface acoustic wave.

Abstract: An optical modulator, a substrate for an optical modulator, a method of manufacturing an optical modulator, and a method of manufacturing a substrate for an optical modulator that can reduce a propagation loss are provided. An optical modulator 1 according to an embodiment includes: a base substrate 10; a waveguide substrate 20 disposed over the base substrate 10 and including an electro-optic effect; a waveguide 23 formed on the waveguide substrate 20 for performing optical modulation; and an electrode 40 configured to apply a voltage to the waveguide 23. Here, the base substrate 10 and the waveguide substrate 20 are made of the same material, the waveguide 23 is formed inside the waveguide substrate 20, and a refractive index of the waveguide substrate 20 is larger than a refractive index of the base substrate 10.

Abstract: A wave plate 1 according to an embodiment includes a first birefringent substrate 10 including a first main surface and an optical axis 13 in a first direction; a second birefringent substrate 20 disposed over the first birefringent substrate 10 and including a second main surface and an optical axis 23 in a second direction; and a third birefringent substrate 30 disposed over the second birefringent substrate 20 and including a third main surface and an optical axis 33 in a third direction. The first birefringent substrate 10 and the second birefringent substrate 20 are made of the same kind of birefringent material. The first main surface, the second main surface, and the third main surface are disposed in parallel to one another. The first direction and the second direction are parallel to the first main surface and the second main surface.

Abstract: An optical modulator, a substrate for an optical modulator, a method of manufacturing an optical modulator, and a method of manufacturing a substrate for an optical modulator that can reduce a propagation loss are provided. An optical modulator 1 according to an embodiment includes: a base substrate 10; a waveguide substrate 20 disposed over the base substrate 10 and including an electro-optic effect; a waveguide 23 formed on the waveguide substrate 20 for performing optical modulation; and an electrode 40 configured to apply a voltage to the waveguide 23. Here, the base substrate 10 and the waveguide substrate 20 are made of the same material, the waveguide 23 is formed inside the waveguide substrate 20, and a refractive index of the waveguide substrate 20 is larger than a refractive index of the base substrate 10.

Abstract: To propose an information processing device and method capable of planning an effective scheme, such as distributing information appropriate to a user. Time-series positional data composed of time-series positional information of a mobile communication body are collected, and a regular behavior of a user of the mobile communication body is estimated on the basis of the collected time-series positional data of the mobile communication body.

Abstract: Proposed are an information distribution apparatus and method capable of efficiently distributing information. Clustering processing of collecting time series position data, which is configured from position information of a plurality of mobile communication objects, and classifying the time series position data into a plurality of clusters based on the collected time series position data of each of the mobile communication objects is executed, profiling processing of determining, for each of the clusters, a dominant attribute of each user in which the time series position data was allocated to the relevant cluster based on pre-registered attribute information of each of the users of each of the mobile communication objects is executed, and, for each of the clusters, information to be distributed to each of the users in which the time series position data was allocated to the relevant cluster is determined based on a processing result of the profiling processing.

Abstract: To propose an information processing device and method capable of planning an effective scheme, such as distributing information appropriate to a user. Time-series positional data composed of time-series positional information of a mobile communication body are collected, and a regular behavior of a user of the mobile communication body is estimated on the basis of the collected time-series positional data of the mobile communication body.

Abstract: Proposed are an information distribution apparatus and method capable of efficiently distributing information. Clustering processing of collecting time series position data, which is configured from position information of a plurality of mobile communication objects, and classifying the time series position data into a plurality of clusters based on the collected time series position data of each of the mobile communication objects is executed, profiling processing of determining, for each of the clusters, a dominant attribute of each user in which the time series position data was allocated to the relevant cluster based on pre-registered attribute information of each of the users of each of the mobile communication objects is executed, and, for each of the clusters, information to be distributed to each of the users in which the time series position data was allocated to the relevant cluster is determined based on a processing result of the profiling processing.

Abstract: A PTC heating device which is widely applicable as a heating source to a variety of electronic apparatuses such as an electronic mosquito destroyer an electronic jar and the like. The PTC heating device includes a porcelain casing in which an electrode structure comprising a PTC thermistor having electrodes arranged on both surfaces thereof and two electrode plates interposing the thermistor therebetween is received in a manner such that terminals of the electrode plates is downwardly led out through the porcelain casing. The PTC heating device also includes a heat radiating plate arranged through an insulating plate on the electrode structure and provided at flanges thereof with a plurality of holding pawls which are located at positions apart from the terminals of the electrode plates on a bottom surface of the porcelain casing to securely hold the heat radiating plate and the porcelain casing together and ensure an adequate insulating distance between the holding pawls and the terminals.