Abstract: A sensor unit has sensors for measuring the components of a culture medium in a culture vessel, and comprises a plurality of sensors and a linking portion. The plurality of sensors each have a main body and a sensing unit disposed on the lower end side of the main body and immersed in the culture medium to measure the components of the culture medium. The linking portion links the plurality of sensors on the upper end side of the main body.

Abstract: A method for efficiently estimating a degree of wear of a tire in which a normalized deformation speed index is set as a wear measure. The normalized deformation speed index is obtained by normalizing an index of a deformation speed near an edge of a tire contact patch, the index being calculated from magnitudes of peaks appearing in a radial acceleration waveform obtained by differentiating tire radial acceleration detected by an acceleration sensor. The degree of wear of the tire is estimated using the wear measure, the ground contact time ratio, a worn tire approximate formula and an approximate formula when a tire is new, which have been obtained in advance and each represents a relationship between the wear measure and the ground contact time ratio obtained by running a plurality of tires having tire sizes different from each other.

Abstract: A method for estimating a degree of wear of a tire by using: an index of deformation velocity at a tire contact edge or in the vicinity of the tire contact edge, the index of deformation velocity having been calculated from magnitude of one of or both of positive and negative peaks appearing in a radial acceleration waveform obtained by differentiating a time-series waveform of tire radial acceleration detected by an acceleration sensor; a contact time ratio of contact time to tire rotation time, the contact time being a time interval between the positive peak and the negative peak, the tire rotation time being a time interval between either of positive peaks or negative peaks; and a deformation amount which is a difference between a tire radius of the tire under a non-loaded state and an effective radius of the tire during travelling.

Abstract: A tire wear amount estimation system includes a step of acquiring a strain signal output from a strain sensor provided on the inner side surface or inside of the pneumatic tire, and a step of estimating the wear state of the tread portion of the pneumatic tire based on the strain signal output at the timing of kicking out from the road surface of the ground contact area of the tread portion corresponding to the strain sensor and a reference value of the strain signal.

Abstract: A method for efficiently estimating a degree of wear of a tire in which a normalized deformation speed index is set as a wear measure. The normalized deformation speed index is obtained by normalizing an index of a deformation speed near an edge of a tire contact patch, the index being calculated from magnitudes of peaks appearing in a radial acceleration waveform obtained by differentiating tire radial acceleration detected by an acceleration sensor. The degree of wear of the tire is estimated using using the wear measure, the ground contact time ratio, a worn tire approximate formula and an approximate formula when a tire is new, which have been obtained in advance and each represents a relationship between the wear measure and the ground contact time ratio obtained by running a plurality of tires having tire sizes different from each other.