Abstract: Even if there is a temperature variation, a positional discrepancy at a colliding surface of an active surface of a semiconductor laser and an optical waveguide is suppressed, resulting in realization of a semiconductor light emitting element coupled with optical fiber of stable operation. In order to realize the above object, a semiconductor light emitting element coupled with optical fiber comprises a substrate, an optical waveguide disposed on the substrate and including a core and a cladding layer covering the core, a semiconductor light emitting element disposed on the substrate and comprising an output end-surface facing one end of the core of the optical waveguide, and an optical fiber comprising a core an end of which faces the other end of the core of the optical waveguide, wherein the cladding layer sandwiches both surfaces of the semiconductor light emitting element.

Abstract: An induction charge mirror is provided which makes a rotation mirror which is operated under an electrostatic force hinge-free and achieves a greater aperture rate in a simpler structure and the easiness with which it is manufactured. To this end, a space is provided in an upper surface portion of the insulating substrate and surrounded at least its surface portion surrounded with an insulating material. A flat mirror conductor is tiltably set within the space. A transparent electrode and first and second fixed electrodes are provided. A means is provided for normally applying a first potential to the transparent electrode and, in order to switch the tilting angle of the mirror conductor, means are provided for alternately applying a second potential and third potential to the first and second fixed electrodes.

Abstract: An optical fiber, having a fiber cladding and a fiber core doped with laser active material, is embedded in an optical waveguide core having a refractive index almost equal to that of the optical fiber cladding, and pumping light is guided, in a side pumping manner, from the semiconductor laser via the light-guiding section. The guided pumping light is absorbed by the laser active material, as it propagates and moves around in the optical waveguide core in a fixed direction. Because the optical waveguide core is ring-shaped and enclosed by the optical waveguide cladding having a low refractive index, the rest of the guided pumping light propagates and moves around in the optical waveguide core again. Therefore, a laser active material in the optical fiber core can be pumped efficiently.

Abstract: Even if there is a temperature variation, a positional discrepancy at a colliding surface of an active surface of a semiconductor laser and an optical waveguide is suppressed, resulting in realization of a semiconductor light emitting element coupled with optical fiber of stable operation. In order to realize the above object, a semiconductor light emitting element coupled with optical fiber comprises a substrate, an optical waveguide disposed on the substrate and including a core and a cladding layer covering the core, a semiconductor light emitting element disposed on the substrate and comprising an output end-surface facing one end of the core of the optical waveguide, and an optical fiber comprising a core an end of which faces the other end of the core of the optical waveguide, wherein the cladding layer sandwiches both surfaces of the semiconductor light emitting element.

Abstract: To obtain an inexpensive, high-power optical fiber output semiconductor device, an edge emitting type semiconductor element, a tapered optical waveguide having a structure for accommodating expansion and contraction due to a change in temperature, and an optical fiber are prepared separately. One edge of the tapered optical waveguide is butt-joined to an output face of the edge emitting type semiconductor element. The other edge of the tapered optical waveguide is connected to the optical fiber.

Abstract: In an up-conversion laser using Tm, blue light having a wavelength of 450 nm and blue light having a wavelength of 480 nm are outputted simultaneously. A high output is enabled with a high efficiency, and a green up-conversion laser is also realized by a similar means. A hybrid fiber laser apparatus includes a light source which outputs light near a wavelength A, and comprises a means for reflecting light near the wavelength A, which is provided at another end of the optical fiber, thereby to form an optical resonator for the wavelength A. In this hybrid fiber laser apparatus, an up-conversion fiber is provided in the optical resonator for the wavelength A, and optical resonator structures for a wavelength B constructed by reflection means and for a wavelength B are respectively provided at two positions at both ends of the up-conversion fiber.

Abstract: A processing apparatus employs motion-adaptive processing to create a progressive scanning signal from an interlaced television scanning signal. The interlaced scanning signal is input to a field delay circuit and to a vertical highpass filter, the output of the field delay circuit is input to a field delay circuit and to a vertical lowpass filter, and the output of the field delay circuit is input to a vertical highpass filter. The outputs of the vertical highpass filters are added together at an adder. The output of the adder is added to the output of the vertical lowpass filter to create an interpolation signal. The interpolation signal and direct-type signal, being time-compressed, are coupled to a switch where they are alternately selected to obtain a progressive scanning signal with improved image quality, irrespective of whether the input signal represents a still or moving image.

Abstract: A television signal processor including a device for generating a frame signal, which represents a moving picture, by combining a first field and a second field of an interlace scanning input signal, a filter for separating the frame signal into a vertical low frequency component and a vertical high frequency component, a device for doubling the frame frequency by a frame progressive operation of the vertical low frequency component, a device for converting the vertical high frequency component into a second vertical low frequency component by shifting the frequency of the vertical high frequency component and for converting the vertical high frequency component into a temporal high frequency component by doubling the frequency of the frame signal, and a device for generating a moving picture signal by combining the temporal high frequency component with the double frame-frequency signal produced by the frame progressive operation of the vertical low frequency component.

Abstract: A digital oscillator including an integrator for cumulatively integrating a specified signal and a controller responsive to a control signal for maintaining the output frequency of the integrator within a limit corresponding to the amplitude of the control signal.

Abstract: On the transmission side, a delay unit, an adder, and a subtracter obtain an interframe sum output by calculating, in units of two frames, an interframe average sum of progressive scanning signals each having N scanning lines per frame, and an interframe difference output by calculating, in units of two frames, an interframe average difference related to moving image data. The interframe sum output is band-limited to a band which can be transmitted with a conventional scheme by switching, time expansion, vertical filtering, and first scanning line count conversion, and converted into M scanning lines per frame. The interframe difference output is band-limited to a band effective for resolution improvement of a moving image in a receiver of a conventional scheme by switching, time expansion, vertical filtering, horizontal filtering, and second scanning line count conversion, and converted into M scanning lines per frame.

Abstract: A first image signal for a screen wider than that obtained by a TV signal of an existing television system is converted to a multiplexed signal that can be reproduced with a receiver of the existing television system, and input to a selector. The selector divides the input signal into a center portion signal and upper and lower black bar portions signals of the screen. The multiplexed signal has a center portion signal as an image display portion and upper and lower black bar portion signals as non-image portions. A difference signal (first LD signal) is multiplexed on the upper and lower black bar portion signals. A rearranging unit, a 5-time expander, a double speed converter, a delay unit, and a selector reproduce the first LD signal from the upper and lower black bar portion signals. A delay unit and a double speed converter double-speed convert the center portion signal. A line interpolator and a selector generate a progressive scanning signal. A 5.fwdarw.

Abstract: A wide aspect signal is band-width limited in the vertical spatial frequency by a V-LPF. The wide aspect signal is band-width limited along the temporal spatial frequency and in the vertical and horizontal spatial frequency by a 1/60-sec delay unit, an adder, 1 1/60-sec delay unit, a selector, a V-LPF, and an H-LPF. A motion image signal can be obtained by an adder. A still image signal can be obtained by the selector. The motion and still image signals are mixed by a mixer in accordance with an image motion amount. An output from the substractor is processed by a vertical shifter, an H-LPF, and a 6.fwdarw.5 converter to provide a still image compensation signal Vh. A signal from the V-LPF is compressed in the vertical direction by a 6.fwdarw.5 converter so as to be a center portion signal which can be displayed as an image with the receiver of the existing television system, and supplied to a selector. An output signal from the 6.fwdarw.

Abstract: A television signal multiplexing and demultiplexing system includes a signal separation circuit for separating from a composite color television signal a plurality of first television signals serving as additional information for making the quality of a television picture higher and a second television signal. A matrix operation circuit performs a vertical matrix operation on the first television signals so as to dispose each of the first television signals in a different vertical band, thereby producing operation outputs. A delay circuit delays the operation outputs by different amounts of delay to produce delayed outputs. A multiplexing circuit multiplexes the delayed outputs on different horizontal scanning lines of the second television signal to produce a multiplexed output. A demultiplexing circuit demultiplexes the multiplexed output into the operation outputs and the second television signal.

Abstract: A compatible television signal encoder for encoding a television signal having a first signal and a second signal. The decoder includes a divider for dividing the wide aspect television signal into a main signal having the first signal and low-frequency components of the second signal multiplexed in the horizontal overscan regions of the first signal and an auxilary signal, an interpolator for producing an interpolating scanning field signal using a first scanning field signal of the main signal output from the divider, a field switch for replacing a second scanning field signal of the main signal with the interpolating scanning field signal output from the interpolator and an adder for adding the auxiliary signal from the divider to the signal output from the field switch.

Abstract: A television signal scanning line converting apparatus, where an intra-frame average signal and inter-frame average signal are obtained by processing a progressive scanning signal in a unit of two frames with a delaying circuit and adders. A lowpass filter limits the horizontal and vertical bands of an intra-frame difference signal to reduce the field amount. If the input progressive scanning signal is a moving picture, the low vertical range of the intra-frame difference signal will be multiplexed to the high vertical range part of the intra-frame average signal and the high vertical range of the intra-frame difference signal will be transmitted separately so that the resolution of the moving picture will improve and no deterioration, caused by the turning distortion, will be produced.

Abstract: A time base conversion circuit including a data interpolating circuit for converting a digital signal of sampling frequency fs into a digital signal having M (M is a positive integer) samples per N/fs (N is another positive integer) cycle without loosing data during the interpolating process, a register for holding M data which are output from the data interpolating circuit at the cycle of N/fs, M memories for storing M data which are held by the register at the cycle of N/fs, and controller for controlling data write/read operations of the memories at the cycle of M/fs and a selecter for selecting M data read from the memories by the controller successivly at the cycle of 1/fs.

Abstract: The present invention is ingeniously conceived for a transmission system for a first television signal so as to enable a first television signal of a wide aspect screen to be transmitted in one channel and the transmitted television signal to be reproduced on a receiver of a conventional aspect screen. To this end, a screen dividing circuit (12) divides a wide aspect screen signal into a center panel signal and side panel signals. The center panel signal is supplied via a delay circuit (13) to an adder (16). The side panel signals are so allocated as to provide horizontal and vertical signals. The horizontal side signal is supplied via a horizontal overscan multiplexing circuit 16 to the adder (16) where it is multiplexed on a horizontal overscan area of the center panel signal. In the vertical overscan multiplexing circuit, the vertical side signal is time compressed and reverse processed for each line to provide it in a continuous form.

Abstract: A noise-reduction apparatus is disclosed which reduces noise contained in a digital video signal. A two-frame difference detecting unit receives the digital video signal and detects a two-frame difference signal. A high-frequency component extracting unit extracts a high-frequency component of the digital video signal or a high-frequency component of the two-frame difference signal. A first elimination signal generating unit generates a first elimination signal corresponding to the two-frame difference signal. A frame difference detecting unit received the digital video signal and detects a frame difference signal. A low-frequency component extracting unit extracts a low-frequency component of the digital video signal or a low-frequency component of the frame difference signal. A second elimination signal generating unit generates a second elimination signal corresponding to the frame difference signal.

Abstract: A compatible widescreen television signal transmission system includes a device for separating a widescreen television signal into a center panel signal component and left and right side panel signal components. The left and right panel signal components are preemphasized. A compatible widescreen television signal receiving system includes a device for time-division demultipling the widescreen television signal into the center panel signal component and the left and right side panel signal components. The left and right panel signal components are deemphasized.

Abstract: In a band compression apparatus, an input signal is separated into high- and low-frequency components H and L by an LPF and an adder. The component H is in-frame-averaged by an in-frame average circuit. The component L is output as a signal S.sub.3 having a large energy via a field delay circuit and a switch circuit. An in-frame difference of the low-frequency component L is obtained by a field delay circuit and an adder. This in-frame differential signal S.sub.2 is added to an in-frame average signal S.sub.1 by an adder. A signal S.sub.4 having a small energy is obtained by this addition. In a band restoration apparatus the signals S.sub.3 and S.sub.4 are separated into signals of two fields by an adder and a switch circuit. A signal S.sub.5 consisting of the components L and H is obtained in one field. A signal S.sub.2 consisting of only the component L is obtained in the other field. The signal S.sub.5 is output via a switch circuit. The signal S.sub.2 is added to the signal S.sub.