Abstract: Disclosed is a measuring instrument for determining geometric properties of a profiled element. Said measuring instrument comprises:—a device that generates at least one first light beam (7) and a second light beam (8), the direction of radiation of the first light beam being different from the direction of radiation of the second light beam;—a retro-reflecting surface (3) which is arranged in such a way relative to the light source that at least some of both light beams is incident on the retro-reflecting surface; and—a recording device (14) which can determine, across the transversal extension thereof, the light intensity distribution of at least some of the reflected light beam of the first light beam and at least some of the reflected light beam of the second light beam, the first light beam being reflected by the retro-reflecting surface and the second light beam being reflected by the/a retro-reflecting surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is a measuring instrument for determining geometric properties of a profiled element. Said measuring instrument comprises:—a device that generates at least one first light beam (7) and a second light beam (8), the direction of radiation of the first light beam being different from the direction of radiation of the second light beam;—a retro-reflecting surface (3) which is arranged in such a way relative to the light source that at least some of both light beams is incident on the retro-reflecting surface; and—a recording device (14) which can determine, across the transversal extension thereof, the light intensity distribution of at least some of the reflected light beam of the first light beam and at least some of the reflected light beam of the second light beam, the first light beam being reflected by the retro-reflecting surface and the second light beam being reflected by the/a retro-reflecting surface.

Abstract: The invention concerns a system (20) used to reduce pollutant emissions in the form of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxides and nitric oxides from internal combustion engines, in particular from ships' engines or stationary engines. The catalyst housing (40) is covered by a gas-insulation hood (24) which is open upstream for the waste gas (18) to be decontaminated and is closed downstream. The gas-insulation hood (24) comprises a water cooler (28) which at least in some cases rests on the exterior thereof. The gas-insulation hood (24) preferably takes the form of a baffle silencer of known type of construction.

Abstract: A method for controlling the fuel-air mixture in an Otto engine having at least one cylinder, especially in an automobile engine, for the optimum use of a catalyser (18) with a probe in the hot exhaust gas stream (20) containing carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. The measuring signals of the probe are converted through electronic means into control signals for the mixture preparation and ignition. The oxygen content of the exhaust gas stream gas stream (20) is measured in the combustion chamber of the cylinders, beyond the outlet valve in the cylinder heads or in the single pipes (12), in the protective region of a smooth, aerodynamic deflection device (40) without a reference atmosphere with a resistive ceramic oxygen probe (24) having a heat resistance up to approximately 1300.degree. C. and an adjustment time within the millisecond range.