Abstract: Electrolyzed water producing method and apparatus are provided which are capable of producing electrolyzed water having a desired property irrespective of the quality of raw water supplied and the like while allowing the size and weight of the apparatus and the cost to be reduced by limiting the capacity of an electrolysis power source. The electrolyzed water producing method includes: circulating an aqueous electrolyte solution to a first electrolytic chamber of a pair of electrolytic chambers opposed to each other across an intervening ion permeable diaphragm while supplying raw water to the second electrolytic chamber; and applying a predetermined voltage to a pair of electrodes disposed in the respective electrolytic chambers with the diaphragm intervening there between, to electrolyze the raw water and the aqueous electrolyte solution, thereby producing electrolyzed water in the second electrolytic chamber.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon using less thermal energy is disclosed. Crystalline cellulose and acidic electrolyzed water are introduced into a reaction vessel. The mixture is heated until it reaches a predetermined temperature (230° C. to 250° C.) while being stirred. When the mixture reached the predetermined temperature, this temperature is maintained, and the mixture is kept heated while being stirred for a predetermined period of time (30 minutes). Thereby, carbon is produced in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A method for producing carbon using less thermal energy is disclosed. Crystalline cellulose and acidic electrolyzed water are introduced into a reaction vessel. The mixture is heated until it reaches a predetermined temperature (230° C. to 250° C.) while being stirred. When the mixture reached the predetermined temperature, this temperature is maintained, and the mixture is kept heated while being stirred for a predetermined period of time (30 minutes). Thereby, carbon is produced in the reaction vessel.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a saccharide by lysing cellulose which is substance that is not readily lysed. Cellulose is mixed in acidic electrolyzed water, and the resulting mixture is stirred at a maximum temperature of 210° C. and at saturation vapor pressure of 1.9 MPa to obtain a saccharide.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell 1 comprises electrolysis chambers 5 and 6 arranged opposite to each other through a diaphragm 11, raw water feed means 8 and 7, electrodes 12a and 12b arranged in the electrolysis chambers 5 and 6 in a manner sandwiching the diaphragm 11, and electrolyzed water take-out means 9 and 10 for taking out electrolyzed water obtained by electrolyzing raw water. The electrolytic cell 1 comprises a membrane-electrode assembly 2 formed so as to cause the electrodes 12a and 12b to respectively adhere to both surfaces of the diaphragm 11, mesh current collectors 13 and 14 respectively arranged opposite to the electrodes 12a and 12b, and a plurality of protrusions 15 and 16.

Abstract: Electrolyzed water producing method and apparatus are provided which are capable of producing electrolyzed water having a desired property irrespective of the quality of raw water supplied and the like while allowing the size and weight of the apparatus and the cost to be reduced by limiting the capacity of an electrolysis power source. The electrolyzed water producing method includes: circulating an aqueous electrolyte solution to a first electrolytic chamber of a pair of electrolytic chambers opposed to each other across an intervening ion permeable diaphragm while supplying raw water to the second electrolytic chamber; and applying a predetermined voltage to a pair of electrodes disposed in the respective electrolytic chambers with the diaphragm intervening there between, to electrolyze the raw water and the aqueous electrolyte solution, thereby producing electrolyzed water in the second electrolytic chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating electrolyzed water easy to carry out or handle even in ordinary homes. An electrolyte aqueous solution is circuited through a first electrolysis chamber 3a of two electrolysis chambers placed on opposite sides of an ion-permeable membrane 2, and raw water is supplied only to the second electrolysis chamber 3b. A voltage is applied between electrodes 7a and 7b to cause electrolysis. Electrolyzed water generated in the second electrolysis chamber 3b is drawn out. The concentration of the electrolyte aqueous solution circulated through the first electrolysis chamber 3a is maintained within a predetermined range. The membrane 2 is an anion-exchange membrane. The electrolyte aqueous solution is circulated through the first cathode-side electrolysis chamber 3a; raw water is supplied only to the second anode-side electrolysis chamber 3b; and acid electrolyzed water generated in the anode-side electrolysis chamber 3a is drawn out.

Abstract: Provided is an electrolysis cell and an electrolyzed water producing equipment which are each small in size, has excellent electrolysis efficiency and can reduce an anion concentration in acidic electrolyzed water. The electrolysis cell is equipped with electrolysis rooms 10a and 10b located opposite to each other via an ion permeable membrane 2, raw water supply units 11a and 11b, electrodes 3a and 3bdisposed with the membrane interposed therebetween, and electrolyzed water discharge units 12a and 12b. The membrane 2 is an anion permeable film. The electrodes 3a and 3b are formed so as to firmly adhere to both surfaces of the anion permeable membrane 2 and expose a portion of the anion permeable membrane 2. Only raw water fed to the electrolysis room 10b on the cathode side contains an electrolyte. The electrodes 3a and 3b are porous and they each has an electrode base material made of a powdery titanium compound such as TiC or TiN, a catalyst such as platinum black or iridium black and a binder such as PVA.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell 1 comprises electrolysis chambers 5 and 6 arranged opposite to each other through a diaphragm 11, raw water feed means 8 and 7, electrodes 12a and 12b arranged in the electrolysis chambers 5 and 6 in a manner sandwiching the diaphragm 11, and electrolyzed water take-out means 9 and 10 for taking out electrolyzed water obtained by electrolyzing raw water. The electrolytic cell 1 comprises a membrane-electrode assembly 2 formed so as to cause the electrodes 12a and 12b to respectively adhere to both surfaces of the diaphragm 11, mesh current collectors 13 and 14 respectively arranged opposite to the electrodes 12a and 12b, and a plurality of protrusions 15 and 16.

Abstract: A first electrolytic chamber which houses an anode plate and a cathode plate with an ion-permeable membrane interposed therebetween is supplied with raw water containing an electrolyte as chloride ions. The raw water is electrolyzed to obtain electrolyzed water at a cathode side in the first electrolytic chamber. The electrolyzed water is then electrolyzed at an anode side in a second electrolytic chamber which houses an anode plate and a cathode plate with an ion-permeable membrane interposed therebetween, for thereby generating hydroxyl radicals in the electrolyzed water. The electrolyzed water containing the hydroxyl radicals is added to water containing an organic substance to cause the hydroxyl radicals to attack to the organic substance for thereby decomposing the organic substance.

Abstract: For minimizing declination of the operational efficiency, hydrogen gas generated in an absorption type refrigerator is eliminated by reduction without exhausting to the outside. The hydrogen gas H2 remains close to the level surface 93 of a refrigerant in a condenser 9 is transferred together with a refrigerant vapor via an extraction pipe 92 to a condenser tank 91. The condenser tank 91 is equipped with a heated metal oxide which is allowed to come into direct contact with the hydrogen gas for carrying out its reduction. Accordingly, the hydrogen gas is eliminated and a trace of water is generated. The water is then returned back via the extraction pipe 92 to the condenser 9. As a result, the elimination of the hydrogen gas is successfully carried out while the water generated stays in the system, whereby the content of water in the refrigerant can be maintained to a desired level.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is electrolyzed functional water produced by the process comprising a step of feeding water containing electrolytes to a first electrolytic cell equipped with an anode, a cathode and an ion-permeable membrane between them to electrolyze it, and a step of electrolyzing the electrolyzed water obtained from the cathodic side of the first electrolytic cell on the anodic side of a second electrolytic cell equipped with an anode, a cathode and an ion-permeable membrane between them. Production processes and production apparatus of the electrolyzed functional water are also disclosed.

Abstract: An organic polymer compound such as poly(p-phenylene) is heat treated under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon at 500.degree. to 1,500.degree. C., preferably in the vicinity of a carbonization temperature (the range from the carbonization temperature to the carbonization temperature+300.degree. C.) to obtain a carbon material having properties of both a carbon substance and an organic substance.

Abstract: A cathode material for a lithium battery comprising an amorphous solid solution comprising V.sub.2 O.sub.5, CoO.sub.2, P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and MO, wherein M represents an alkaline earth metal element and CoO.sub.2 is contained in an amount of 0 to 10 mol % based on V.sub.2 O.sub.5, which is produced by melting a mixture of V.sub.2 O.sub.5, CoO.sub.2, P.sub.2 O.sub.5 and MO to form a melt, wherein CoO.sub.2 is contained in an amount of 0 to 10 mol % based on V.sub.2 O.sub.5, and then putting the melt into water or pressing the melt with metal plates to pulverize it.