Abstract: In one aspect, a machine tool having a frame assembly, a first head having a first rotatable workpiece holder, and a second head having a second rotatable workpiece holder. The frame assembly includes a first door movable in a first direction between a first closed position and a first open position and a second door movable in a second direction transverse to the first direction between a second closed position and a second open position. The frame assembly has an access opening sized to permit access to the first and second heads with the first door in the first open position and the second door in the second closed position. The frame assembly has a larger access opening to increase ease of user accessibility to the first and second heads with the first door in the first open position and the second door in the second open position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyurethane-modified epoxy resin composition capable of satisfying both high toughness and high elasticity. This epoxy resin composition is an epoxy resin composition, in which (A) a polyurethane-modified epoxy resin having a polycarbonate structure in the molecule and having a urethane modification rate of 20 to 60% by weight, (B) a non-polyurethane-modified epoxy resin that is liquid at 30° C., (C) a solid epoxy resin having a glass transition temperature or melting point of 50° C. or higher and (D) an amine-based curing agent that is dicyandiamide or a derivative thereof are as essential components, and 20.0 to 50.0% by weight of (A), 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of (B) and 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of (C) are contained relative to the total of (A) to (D).

Abstract: Disclosed is a polyurethane-modified epoxy resin composition capable of satisfying both high toughness and high elasticity. This epoxy resin composition is an epoxy resin composition, in which (A) a polyurethane-modified epoxy resin having a polycarbonate structure in the molecule and having a urethane modification rate of 20 to 60% by weight, (B) a non-polyurethane-modified epoxy resin that is liquid at 30° C., (C) a solid epoxy resin having a glass transition temperature or melting point of 50° C. or higher and (D) an amine-based curing agent that is dicyandiamide or a derivative thereof are as essential components, and 20.0 to 50.0% by weight of (A), 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of (B) and 0.1 to 50.0% by weight of (C) are contained relative to the total of (A) to (D).

Abstract: Provided is a frame which is made of a fiber reinforced composite and where a bending strength and a vibration damping capability are compatible. The frame which is made of a fiber reinforced composite includes: a compressive wall part where a compressive stress occurs in a longitudinal direction of the frame when the frame receives a bending load in a normal direction perpendicularly intersecting the longitudinal direction; a side wall part extending in the normal direction and defining one of the corners with the compressive wall part; and a tension wall part which is away from the compressive wall part and extends in the longitudinal direction, and where a tensile stress occurs in the longitudinal direction when the frame receives the bending load. The tension wall part has a loss coefficient which is larger than a loss coefficient of the compressive wall part by 0.005 or more.

Abstract: Provided are an epoxy resin composition and a film or a molding material. The epoxy resin composition is an epoxy resin composition including the following components A to D: component A: an epoxy resin having an oxazolidone ring structure in a molecule thereof; component B: an epoxy resin that is liquid at 30° C.; component C: a diblock copolymer having a B-M structure (where M represents a block formed of a homopolymer of methyl methacrylate or a copolymer containing at least 50 wt % of methyl methacrylate, B represents a block that is incompatible with the epoxy resins and the block M, and that has a glass transition temperature Tg of 20° C. or less, and respective blocks represented by B and M are directly bonded to each other or are linked to each other through a linking group); and component D: an amine-based curing agent that is dicyandiamide or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a polyurethane-modified epoxy resin composition having satisfactory operability of processing, such as casting or impregnation, in a composition state. The epoxy resin composition includes, as essential components, the following components (A) to (D): (A) a low-concentration polyurethane-modified epoxy resin containing a polyurethane having an epoxy resin added to each of both terminals thereof and/or one terminal thereof; (B) a polyurethane-unmodified epoxy resin that is liquid at 30° C.; (C) a solid epoxy resin having a bisphenol structure, the resin having a glass transition temperature or a melting point of 50° C. or more; and (D) an amine-based curing agent that is dicyandiamide or a derivative thereof, wherein the epoxy resin composition includes the component (A) at from 3.0 wt % to 30.0 wt %, and the component (C) at from 0.1 wt % to 40.0 wt % with respect to the total of the components (A) to (D).

Abstract: To provide prepreg having high thermostability and a molded body (fiber reinforced composite) obtained from the prepreg, the prepreg is formed by impregnating a reinforced fiber having an elastic modulus of 100 to 900 GPa with an epoxy resin composition including the following Components A to D so as to have a resin content within a range of 25 to 50 mass %: Component A: an epoxy resin having an oxazolidone ring structure in a molecule thereof; Component B: an epoxy resin that is liquid at 30° C.; Component C: a diblock copolymer having a B-M structure, wherein M is a block including at least 50 mass % of methyl methacrylate, B is a block immiscible with the epoxy resins and the block M, a glass transition temperature of the block B being 20° C. or lower; and Component D: dicyandiamide, or an amine curing agent that is a derivative of dicyandiamide.

Abstract: Provided are an epoxy resin composition and a film or a molding material. The epoxy resin composition is an epoxy resin composition including the following components A to D: component A: an epoxy resin having an oxazolidone ring structure in a molecule thereof; component B: an epoxy resin that is liquid at 30° C.; component C: a diblock copolymer having a B-M structure (where M represents a block formed of a homopolymer of methyl methacrylate or a copolymer containing at least 50 wt % of methyl methacrylate, B represents a block that is incompatible with the epoxy resins and the block M, and that has a glass transition temperature Tg of 20° C. or less, and respective blocks represented by B and M are directly bonded to each other or are linked to each other through a linking group); and component D: an amine-based curing agent that is dicyandiamide or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a polyurethane-modified epoxy resin composition having satisfactory operability of processing, such as casting or impregnation, in a composition state. The epoxy resin composition includes, as essential components, the following components (A) to (D): (A) a low-concentration polyurethane-modified epoxy resin containing a polyurethane having an epoxy resin added to each of both terminals thereof and/or one terminal thereof; (B) a polyurethane-unmodified epoxy resin that is liquid at 30° C.; (C) a solid epoxy resin having a bisphenol structure, the resin having a glass transition temperature or a melting point of 50° C. or more; and (D) an amine-based curing agent that is dicyandiamide or a derivative thereof, wherein the epoxy resin composition includes the component (A) at from 3.0 wt % to 30.0 wt %, and the component (C) at from 0.1 wt % to 40.0 wt % with respect to the total of the components (A) to (D).

Abstract: To provide prepreg having high thermostability and a molded body (fiber reinforced composite) obtained from the prepreg, the prepreg is formed by impregnating a reinforced fiber having an elastic modulus of 100 to 900 GPa with an epoxy resin composition including the following Components A to D so as to have a resin content within a range of 25 to 50 mass %: Component A: an epoxy resin having an oxazolidone ring structure in a molecule thereof; Component B: an epoxy resin that is liquid at 30° C.; Component C: a diblock copolymer having a B-M structure, wherein M is a block including at least 50 mass % of methyl methacrylate, B is a block immiscible with the epoxy resins and the block M, a glass transition temperature of the block B being 20° C. or lower; and Component D: dicyandiamide, or an amine curing agent that is a derivative of dicyandiamide.

Abstract: An ignition device includes a spark plug and an ignition coil. The spark plug is attached to a cylinder head such that a center electrode and a ground electrode project into a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, airflow is generated in a predetermined direction to the spark plug during a compression step. The ignition coil has a primary coil and a secondary coil. An output voltage of the secondary coil after interruption of energization of the primary coil is restricted to a predetermined voltage or less. The ground electrode has a leg portion extending from a housing of the spark plug and an opposing portion that extends in a direction intersecting with the leg portion and forms a gap by opposing the center electrode. The leg portion is attached to a position further upstream than the gap in a flow direction of the airflow during the compression step.

Abstract: Provided is a salty taste enhancer that is capable of maintaining the flavor balance inherent in a food and enhancing salty taste despite a reduction in salt content. The salty taste enhancer effectively enhances salty taste by adding to a food or beverage having salty taste at least one selected from the group consisting of prolylglycine, glycylglycine, glycylproline and hydroxyprolylglycine, or a gelatin degradation product containing the dipeptide.

Abstract: An ignition system is provided, in which a Zener diode is connected in parallel with a spark plug, to suppress torque variation from becoming large in an engine when deterioration of the spark plug is advanced. Specifically, the ignition system includes a secondary coil having an end connected to a center electrode of the spark plug via a connecting path. The connecting path is connected to a constant-voltage path having a grounded end and including the Zener diode. The time from when an ignition signal is switched off until when ignition timing occurs is measured for a plurality of times. The difference between a maximum value and a minimum value among the plurality of measurements is defined to be a variation range. A breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is adjusted based on requirements such as for rendering the variation range to be a predetermined time or smaller.

Abstract: A control apparatus for an ignition system of an internal combustion engine which can appropriately judge deterioration of a spark plug is disclosed. The ignition system includes a spark plug and a Zener diode. These are connected in parallel. In the ignition system, a constant-voltage path whose one of two ends is grounded is connected to the connecting path which connects the center electrode of the spark plug to a secondary coil. The constant-voltage path includes a Zener diode and a resistor. In a case where electric current is detected at the resister in a term from the start of current supply to a primary coil to the end, the control apparatus judges the spark plug being deteriorated.

Abstract: Provided are a flexible circuit board with excellent bendability and durability against hard conditions particularly in a repeated bend portion having a small curvature radius, and a method of producing the same. The flexible circuit board includes a resin layer and a wiring formed of a metal foil and is used with a bend portion provided at least one position of the wiring. The metal foil is made of a metal having a cubic crystal structure, and a cross section of the wiring cut in a thickness direction from a ridge line in the bend portion forms a principal orientation on any one of planes within a range of (20 1 0) to (1 20 0) in a rotation direction from (100) to (110) with [001] set as a zone axis. The wiring is formed so that the metal foil is made of a metal having a cubic crystal structure, and that the ridge line in the bend portion has an angle in a range of 2.9° to 87.1° relative to one of fundamental crystal axes <100> in a surface of the metal foil.

Abstract: An ignition system is provided, which can restrict decreasing of constant-voltage duration of a spark plug and effectively prevents the occurrence of an accidental fire in an engine. A typical ignition system includes a secondary coil having one end connected to a positive side of a battery via a low-voltage side path and the other end connected to a center electrode via a connecting path which connects the secondary coil and the spark plug. A constant-voltage path having a grounded end is connected to the connecting path. A block diode is arranged between the secondary coil and a point where the constant-voltage path is connected with the connecting path. A Zener diode is disposed within the constant-voltage path. Each anode of the block diode and the Zener diode is mutually connected.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially excellent surface-treated copper foil which satisfies requirements for adhesiveness to an insulating resin such as polyimide, heat-resistant adhesiveness, chemical resistance and soft etching properties. Also provided is a method for producing a surface-treated copper foil which achieves a high adhesion strength between an insulating resin and the copper foil, shows high chemical resistance in circuit formation and sustains good soft etching properties after forming vias by laser-processing. A base copper foil is subjected to a roughening treatment to give a surface roughness (Rz) of 1.1 ?m or below. On the roughened surface, an Ni—Zn alloy layer is formed. The aforesaid roughening treatment is conducted in such a manner that the roughened surface comprises sharp-pointed convexes, which have a width of 0.3-0.8 ?m, a height of 0.6-1.8 ?m and an aspect ratio of 1.2-3.5, and the surface roughness (Rz) of said base copper foil is increased by 0.05-0.3 ?m.

Abstract: Provided are a flexible circuit board with excellent bendability and durability against hard conditions particularly in a repeated bend portion having a small curvature radius, and a method of producing the same. The flexible circuit board includes a resin layer and a wiring formed of a metal foil and is used with a bend portion provided at at least one position of the wiring. The metal foil is made of a metal having a cubic crystal structure, and a cross section of the wiring cut in a thickness direction from a ridge line in the bend portion forms a principal orientation on any one of planes within a range of (20 1 0) to (1 20 0) in a rotation direction from (100) to (110) with [001] set as a zone axis. The wiring is formed so that the metal foil is made of a metal having a cubic crystal structure, and that the ridge line in the bend portion has an angle in a range of 2.9° to 87.1° relative to one of fundamental crystal axes <100> in a surface of the metal foil.

Abstract: An ignition device includes a spark plug and an ignition coil. The spark plug is attached to a cylinder head such that a center electrode and a ground electrode project into a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, airflow is generated in a predetermined direction to the spark plug during a compression step. The ignition coil has a primary coil and a secondary coil. An output voltage of the secondary coil after interruption of energization of the primary coil is restricted to a predetermined voltage or less. The ground electrode has a leg portion extending from a housing of the spark plug and an opposing portion that extends in a direction intersecting with the leg portion and forms a gap by opposing the center electrode. The leg portion is attached to a position further upstream than the gap in a flow direction of the airflow during the compression step.

Abstract: In order to provide a flexible laminate circuit board using a surface treated copper foil satisfying all of a bonding strength of a copper foil with respect to polyimide, acid resistance, and etching property, in a flexible laminate circuit board formed by a copper foil on the surface of a polyimide resin layer, the copper foil is a surface treated copper foil formed by depositing an Ni—Zn alloy onto at least one surface of a untreated copper foil, and the Zn deposition amount in the deposited Ni—Zn alloy is 6% or more and 15% or less of the (Ni deposition amount+Zn deposition amount), and the Zn deposition amount is 0.08 mg/dm2 or more to provide a flexible copper clad laminate.