Abstract: An information processing device includes a communication unit and a control unit. The control unit is configured to determine a sprinkling mode based on information indicating the environment of a sprinkling place. The control unit is configured to send, through the communication unit, a notification indicating the sprinkling mode to at least one vehicle scheduled to travel in the sprinkling place.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a charge-generating layer, a first hole-transporting layer, and a second hole-transporting layer, wherein the second hole-transporting layer contains a hole-transportable compound represented by the formula (1) (mass: W1, energy value of the highest occupied molecular orbital: CTM1HOMO), and a hole-transportable compound represented by the formula (2) (mass: W2) and/or a hole-transportable compound represented by the formula (3) (mass: W3) (energy value of the highest occupied molecular orbital: CTM2HOMO), wherein a value calculated from the expression (I) is from 0.05% by mass to 5.0% by mass, and wherein the expression (II) is satisfied: (W2+W3)/(W1+W2+W3)×100 (% by mass)—Expression (I); and 0.05 (eV)?|CTM2HOMO|-|CTM1HOMO|?0.30 (eV)—(II).

Abstract: A method for producing an arylamine compound, wherein a chemical compound represented by formula (B) is reacted by addition reaction with a carbon atom having a bound hydrogen atom on a benzene ring of a chemical compound represented by formula (A), in the presence of one or more acids selected from Lewis acids or sulfonic acids; to produce a chemical compound represented by formula (C) including a partial structure represented by formula (D).

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of suppressing the environmental fluctuation in repeated use. A protective layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer of a composition containing a hole transporting compound having two or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups and a compound having a specific structure.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a copolymer of a composition containing a specific hole transporting compound and a specific compound.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer in which an occurrence of the image deletion is suppressed; a process cartridge equipped with the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and an electrophotographic apparatus provided with the process cartridge. An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer that includes a copolymerized product of a composition including a metal oxide particle having a polymerizable functional group on a surface thereof and a polymerizable compound having a particular structure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a support, a photosensitive layer, and a protection layer. The protection layer contains a copolymer of a compound having a specific frame and a hole-transporting compound containing a specific polarizable functional group.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including: a support; and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a cured product of a composition containing a curable hole-transport compound, a specific fluorine-atom-containing compound, and a specific polymerizable compound.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member improved both in wear resistance and in image unevenness. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, and a photosensitive layer and a surface layer on the support, wherein the surface layer is a cured product of a composition containing a compound represented by the formula (A) and a charge-transporting substance having at least one reactive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a methoxy group, an amino group, a thiol group, and a carboxyl group.

Abstract: There is provided an electrophotographic photosensitive member capable of suppressing the environmental fluctuation in repeated use. A protective layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a polymer of a composition containing a hole transporting compound having two or more (meth)acryloyloxy groups and a compound having a specific structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member that has mechanical durability, and can achieve both of suppression of an image flow and adequate electrical characteristics.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a surface layer containing: a copolymerization product of a composition containing a hole-transportable compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a compound having a specific structure; and metal oxide particles.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member improved both in wear resistance and in image unevenness. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, and a photosensitive layer and a surface layer on the support, wherein the surface layer is a cured product of a composition containing a compound represented by the formula (A) and a charge-transporting substance having at least one reactive functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a methoxy group, an amino group, a thiol group, and a carboxyl group.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including: a support, a photosensitive layer provided on the support, and a surface layer provided on the photosensitive layer, wherein the surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a cured product of a composition containing a charge transporting substance having a polymerizable functional group, a compound having a specific structure, a fluororesin particle, and polyvinyl acetal.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a surface layer in which an occurrence of the image deletion is suppressed; a process cartridge equipped with the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and an electrophotographic apparatus provided with the process cartridge. An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a surface layer that includes a copolymerized product of a composition including a metal oxide particle having a polymerizable functional group on a surface thereof and a polymerizable compound having a particular structure.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member including: a support; and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a cured product of a composition containing a curable hole-transport compound, a specific fluorine-atom-containing compound, and a specific polymerizable compound.

Abstract: A method for producing an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer above a support in this order includes: forming a coating film for a protective layer by coating a coating liquid for the protective layer for forming the protective layer on the photosensitive layer and curing the coating film for the protective layer, in which the coating liquid for the protective layer contains a solvent, a compound represented by a general formula (1), a compound represented by a general formula (2), and a compound represented by a general formula (3) at a specific ratio. In addition, in an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a photosensitive layer and a protective layer above a support in this order, the protective layer is obtained by curing a coating liquid for the protective layer.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a satisfactory suppressing effect on image smearing.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support and a surface layer, wherein the surface layer contains a copolymer of a composition containing a specific hole transporting compound and a specific compound.

Abstract: Provided is an electrophotographic photosensitive member that suppresses image smearing at the time of its repeated use, and expresses satisfactory wear resistance and electric characteristics. The electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support and a photosensitive layer in the stated order, wherein a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member contains a copolymer of a hole-transportable compound having a chain-polymerizable functional group and a specific compound having maleimide groups.