Abstract: In a method and apparatus for forming a plurality of films on the surface of a substrate, at least two liquid samples are deposited by a deposition device onto the substrate surface. The substrate is moved so that the liquid samples on the substrate are subjected to a non-contact spreading force sufficient to cause the samples to spread over the surface to form a respective film thereon. At least a portion of each film is discrete from one or more other films formed on each substrate surface. In another embodiment, liquid samples of different compositions are deposited on an array of substrates. The liquid samples on at least two of the substrates are subjected to non-contact spreading forces during overlapping durations of time whereby the spreading forces are sufficient to cause the samples to spread over respective surfaces of the substrates to form films thereon.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electroluminescent device comprising an anode, a cathode and an emitting layer. The emitting layer comprises a self-assembling organic-inorganic hybrid material containing an organic component and an inorganic component. The organic component comprises a dye that fluoresces in the visible range. In addition, an optically inert component may replace a portion of the organic dye component to increase fluorescence.

Abstract: An FET structure in accordance with the invention employs an organic-inorganic hybrid material as the semiconducting channel between source and drain electrodes of the device. The organic-inorganic material combines the advantages of an inorganic, crystalline solid with those of an organic material. The inorganic component forms an extended, inorganic one-, two-, or three-dimensional network to provide the high carrier mobilities characteristic of inorganic, crystalline solids. The organic component facilitates the self-assembly of these materials and enables the materials to be deposited by simple, low temperature processing conditions such as spin-coating, dip-coating, or thermal evaporation. The organic component is also used to tailor the electronic properties of the inorganic framework by defining the dimensionality of the inorganic component and the electronic coupling between inorganic units.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an organic-inorganic hybrid material comprising an organic component and an inorganic component. The organic component comprises a dye that fluoresces in the visible range. In addition, an optically inert component may replace a portion of the organic dye component to increase fluorescence.

Abstract: In order to form a film of organic-inorganic hybrid material, such as a perovskite material, in a selected stoichiometric ratio upon a surface of a substrate, the proposed method entails a number of simple steps. First, a substrate and a selected quantity of an organic-inorganic hybrid material are placed in a chamber, with the hybrid material being placed on a heater. Then, the hybrid material is heated sufficiently, as by passing an electric current through the heater, to cause its total ablation. As a consequence, a film of the organic-inorganic hybrid material, in the aforesaid selected stoichiometric ratio, reassembles as a film upon a surface of the substrate. During the heating step, the chamber may be either evacuated to a pressure below 10.sup.-3 torr or filled with an inert gas, such as nitrogen.