Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device that includes a junction field effect transistor, the junction field effect transistor including a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, an epitaxial layer of the first conductivity type formed on the semiconductor substrate, a source region of the first conductivity type formed on a surface of the epitaxial layer, a channel region of the first conductivity type formed in a lower layer of the source region, a pair of trenches formed in the epitaxial layer so as to sandwich the source region therebetween, and a pair of gate regions of a second conductivity type, opposite to the first conductivity type, formed below a bottom of the pair of trenches.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device that includes a junction field effect transistor, the junction field effect transistor including a semiconductor substrate of a first conductivity type, an epitaxial layer of the first conductivity type formed on the semiconductor substrate, a source region of the first conductivity type formed on a surface of the epitaxial layer, a channel region of the first conductivity type formed in a lower layer of the source region, a pair of trenches formed in the epitaxial layer so as to sandwich the source region therebetween, and a pair of gate regions of a second conductivity type, opposite to the first conductivity type, formed below a bottom of the pair of trenches.

Abstract: When generating an origin signal of an encoder having a scale on which an incremental pattern and the origin pattern are formed, an origin signal having a necessary position and width is generated by software based on an origin waveform obtained from the origin pattern. This enables origin detection with excellent repeatability, S/N ratio (pulse width), and bidirectionality while maintaining ease of mounting and adjustment.

Abstract: When generating an origin signal of an encoder having a scale on which an incremental pattern and the origin pattern are formed, an origin signal having a necessary position and width is generated by software based on an origin waveform obtained from the origin pattern. This enables origin detection with excellent repeatability, S/N ratio (pulse width), and bidirectionality while maintaining ease of mounting and adjustment.

Abstract: A bipolar transistor for communication apparatus having improved power gain and high frequency output characteristics is described. The bipolar transistor includes an outer base layer connecting an intrinsic base region with a base electrode, with a planar shape thereof being in a U form. The long sides of the collector electrode and an emitter electrode are disposed parallel to each other within a plane parallel to a main surface of a substrate, and plural collector electrodes and plural emitter electrodes are alternately arranged. On the other hand, the base electrode is set outside a line connecting the collector electrode and the emitter electrode at one end thereof, and the long side of the base electrode is so disposed as to intersect at right angles with the respectively long sides of the collector electrode and the emitter electrode.

Abstract: Shunt wirings (12) in the form of a conductive light intercepting film which covers over vertical CCD registers and also serves to supply power, project into locations between adjacent photoelectric transducers (11) in the vertical direction, and the distance between the projecting portions of adjacent ones of the metal wirings is set to 0.2 .mu.m or less and is limited to a distance with which an electric field between adjacent ones of the metal wirings is 10.sup.7 V/cm or less and the adjacent metal wirings do not suffer from short-circuiting.

Abstract: A photocopying apparatus is provided in which a moving area of a lens at the time of a magnification changing and that of an optical device such as a mirror unit overlap partly. At the time of the magnification changing, it is determined whether the optical device is positioned at a home position. When the optical device is not located at the home position, the lens is caused to move for the purpose of the magnification changing after the optical device is returned to the home position.