Abstract: An endoscopic treatment method includes: inserting an endoscope into a digestive tract; forming a damaged area in at least a portion of the digestive tract along a circumferential direction by performing cauterizing while keeping a mucosal layer by observing with the endoscope; and forming an incomplete stenosis in the digestive tract, while restoring the damaged area, wherein the damaged area is formed by causing damage to a mucosal base layer, the mucosal base layer having an interface that contacts a submucosal layer.

Abstract: A method for closing a wound in a tubular organ using a suture thread introduced into the tubular organ, includes: inflating the tubular organ by supplying gas into the tubular organ; resecting a lesion while the tubular organ is inflated, so that the wound is formed; deflating the tubular organ by discharging gas from the tubular organ; passing the suture thread through a tissue around the wound; and gathering the tissue around the wound by pulling the suture thread passing through the tissue while the tubular organ is deflated.

Abstract: A method for closing a wound in a tubular organ using a suture thread includes: a first step of connecting a first edge portion and a second edge portion with the suture thread; and a second step of connecting a third edge portion and a fourth edge portion with the suture thread. The first step includes passing the suture thread through a first position on a mucosal surface of at least one of the first edge portion and the second edge portion. The second step includes passing the suture thread through a third position on the mucosal surface of at least one of the third edge portion and the fourth edge portion. A shortest distance between the wound and the third position is larger than a shortest distance between the wound and the first position.

Abstract: A method for closing a wound in a tubular organ using a suture thread includes: a first step of connecting a first edge portion and a second edge portion with the suture thread; and a second step of connecting a third edge portion and a fourth edge portion with the suture thread. The first step includes passing the suture thread through a first position on a mucosal surface of at least one of the first edge portion and the second edge portion. The second step includes passing the suture thread through a third position on the mucosal surface of at least one of the third edge portion and the fourth edge portion. A shortest distance between the wound and the third position is larger than a shortest distance between the wound and the first position.

Abstract: A guide wire gripping device is provided that includes: a sheath; an advanceable and retractable part extending along the longitudinal axis of the sheath; an operation control that moves the advanceable and retractable part along the longitudinal axis; a grasping portion having a contact surface having a peripheral edge surrounded by a distal end, a proximal end, and a pair of side ends; and a support part connected to the advanceable and retractable part and fixed to one of the pair of side ends.

Abstract: A traction tool for performing traction of suture thread under a flexible endoscope is provided. The tool includes a shaft, a first holder which is provided at a distal end of the shaft and is configured to hold the suture thread or a suture needle attached to the suture thread, and second holder which is provided closer to a proximal end side of the shaft than the first holder and to which the suture thread is hooked. The second holder is expandable in a radial direction of the shaft.

Abstract: A traction tool for performing traction, of a suture thread under a flexible endoscope is provided. The traction toot includes a first holder configured to hold the suture thread or a suture needle attached to the suture thread; a second holder having an engaging surface configured to engage the suture, thread such that the suture thread is capable of advancing and retracting and configured to release an engagement with the suture thread; and a guide member holding the first holder and the second holder such that the first holder and the second holder are relatively movable.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for providing an endoluminal transhepatic access to a patient pancreaticobiliary system in an endoscopic procedure are disclosed. An example of a transhepatic access procedure comprises navigating a steerable elongate instrument through a body cavity or channel and exiting to a access site of liver, puncturing the liver from the access site, extending the steerable elongate instrument through the liver and into the pancreaticobiliary system and performing an operation therein. Following the operation, the steerable elongate instrument can be retreated, and the access site of liver can be closed with a closure means. Apparatus and methods of training a machine-learning model and using said model to identify patient candidacy for retrograde access based on images of patient anatomy are also disclosed.

Abstract: A treatment device includes a pipeline having electrical insulation, the pipeline having an internal space through which inert gas passes; a distal-end tip attached to a distal end of the pipeline, the distal-end tip having an opening formed to communicate with the internal space such that the inert gas is disposable from the opening; and an electrode provided in the distal-end tip and configured to be energizable with a high-frequency current. The pipeline includes a proximal-end bending portion with a bending habit, and a distal-end flexible portion without a bending habit that is disposed distal to the proximal-end bending portion.

Abstract: An ablation treatment device for ablating treatment procedure used with endoscope device is disclosed. The ablation treatment device is inserted through the endoscope device and protruded into the human body, where the equipped neutral electrode and a gas channel for injecting inert gas is protruded. Together with another gas channel formed on the endoscope device, two types of gases are injected into the human body together with application of high frequency currents to perform ablation procedure. The ablation treatment device is controlled through a control circuit that administers control of the injection of the gases and application of high frequency currents.

Abstract: A method for closing a wound in a tubular organ using a suture thread includes: a first step of connecting a first edge portion and a second edge portion with the suture thread; and a second step of connecting a third edge portion and a fourth edge portion with the suture thread. The first step includes passing the suture thread through a first position on a mucosal surface of at least one of the first edge portion and the second edge portion. The second step includes passing the suture thread through a third position on the mucosal surface of at least one of the third edge portion and the fourth edge portion. A shortest distance between the wound and the third position is larger than a shortest distance between the wound and the first position.

Abstract: A method for closing a wound in a mucosal layer of an organ wall of a patient includes threading a suture thread into the mucosal layer at a first position located on a first side of the wound, threading the suture thread at least once into a muscle layer of the organ wall, and threading the suture thread into the mucosal layer at a second position located on a second side of the wound that is opposite the first side of the wound. A method for resecting a lesion in a wall of an organ of a patient includes creating a wound in a mucosal layer of the wall of the organ by excising the lesion from the wall of the organ, and threading a suture thread through a series passes between the mucosal layer on a first side of the wound and the mucosal layer on a second side of the wound, the suture thread being threaded into a muscle layer of the wall of the organ in at least one pass of the series passes.

Abstract: A method for resecting a lesion in a wall of an organ of a patient includes injecting a fluid into the wall of the organ at a location proximate to the lesion, creating a wound in the wall of the organ by cutting the lesion from the wall of the luminal organ, removing at least a portion of the fluid injected into the wall of the organ, and closing the wound using a suture thread. The portion of fluid may be removed prior to or after partially threading the suture thread into the wall of the organ.

Abstract: A needle holder includes a sheath, a grasper capable of grasping a target object, an operation portion capable of opening and closing the grasper, and an operation wire. The operation portion includes a main body, a slider, and an elastic member that is elastically deformable depending on an opening and closing position of the grasper. The slider is connected to the grasper via the operation wire. The grasper can release grasping of the target object and can grasp the target object with a first grasping force in response to an operation of moving the slider against a restoring force of the elastic member. The grasper can grasp the target object with a second grasping force smaller than the first grasping force when the restoring force of the elastic member and tension of the operation wire are balanced.

Abstract: A method for closing a wound in a tubular organ using a suture thread introduced into the tubular organ, includes: inflating the tubular organ by supplying gas into the tubular organ; resecting a lesion while the tubular organ is inflated, so that the wound is formed; deflating the tubular organ by discharging gas from the tubular organ; passing the suture thread through a tissue around the wound; and gathering the tissue around the wound by pulling the suture thread passing through the tissue while the tubular organ is deflated.

Abstract: A tissue traction device includes a first needle connected to a distal end of a first thread; a second needle connected to a distal end of a second thread; an elongated main body connected to the first thread and extending between the first thread and the second thread, the main body including a first hole; and a tube disposed at a proximal end of the main body, wherein the second thread is inserted through the first hole to be advanceable and retractable at a position between the second needle and a distal end of the tube, and the tube and the second thread are configured to be relatively movable in a longitudinal direction of the tube.

Abstract: A tissue traction device includes a first needle connected to a distal end of a first thread; a second needle connected to a distal end of a second thread; an elongated main body connected to the first thread and extending between the first thread and the second thread, the main body being elastically deformable; a tube disposed at a proximal end of the main body; and a traction member having a distal end connected to a distal end portion of the main body, the traction member extending from the distal end portion of the main body toward a distal end of the tube.

Abstract: A medical system can include a light source configured to generate excitation light; and a processor including a memory, the processor: controlling energy supplied to an energy device, the light source generating the excitation light to generate fluorescence from the living body tissue heat treated by the energy device; generating a fluorescence image based on an image pickup signal obtained by imaging the living body tissue; and generating a control signal that restricts energy supply to the energy device and output the control signal to the energy control apparatus when a pixel value of at least one pixel in the fluorescence image exceeds a first threshold value.

Abstract: An endoscopic treatment method includes: inserting an endoscope into a digestive tract; forming a damaged area in at least a portion of the digestive tract along a circumferential direction by performing cauterizing while keeping a mucosal layer by observing with the endoscope; and forming an incomplete stenosis in the digestive tract, while restoring the damaged area, wherein the damaged area is formed by causing damage to a mucosal base layer, the mucosal base layer having an interface that contacts a submucosal layer.

Abstract: In an endoscopic treatment method, a damaged area is formed in at least a portion of a digestive tract along a circumferential direction. The damaged area is formed by performing thermal ablation of mucosal layer and not removing the mucosal layer. An incomplete stenosis is formed in the digestive tract during restoration of the damaged area.