Abstract: A loading pad to be attached to a specimen to apply a load to the specimen includes: a back skin on which the load is applied; an elastic body that is provided between the back skin and the specimen; and an inserted member that is provided between the elastic body and the specimen. The back skin, the elastic body, and the inserted member are bonded as one unit. The inserted member is less rigid than the specimen, and is more rigid than the elastic body.

Abstract: A support structure for a wind power generation device comprises: a plurality of floats that can float on the surface of water or in the water; a connecting member having one end connected to one of the floats and the other end connected to another of the floats among the plurality of floats; a support platform that is provided between the plurality of floats and supports the bottom end of a tower part of the wind power generation device; a linear wire member having one end connected to one of the floats and the other end connected to the support platform; and a support member that is provided on the floats or on the connecting member and supports the tower part, which is supported on the support platform, from a lateral direction while the support member being movable along the axial direction of the tower part.

Abstract: Provided is a composite material assembly (100) includes: a first composite material member (1) in which a first hole (51) is formed, a second composite material member (2) in which a second hole (52) is formed, and a fastener (3) that is to be inserted through the first hole (51) and second hole (52) to thereby connect the first composite material member (1) to the second composite material member (2). A first chamfered section (51C) is formed on at least one of both ends of the first hole (51), and a second chamfered section (52C) is formed on at least one of both ends of the second hole (52).

Abstract: This evaluating method is an evaluating method for evaluating an assembly (50) provided with a reinforced member (60) and a reinforcing member (70), and includes: a step of introducing incident light into a first optical fiber (20) extending between a first composite layer and a second composite layer and detecting outgoing light therefrom to measure a first strain distribution, and introducing incident light into a second optical fiber (30) extending between the second composite layer and a third composite layer and detecting outgoing light therefore to measure a second strain distribution; and a step of acquiring the shape of wrinkles at the surface (60s) of the reinforced member (60) from the first strain distribution and the second strain distribution.

Abstract: The panel structure includes: a stiffened panel and a stiffening panel which is joined to the stiffened panel. The stiffening panel integrally has top end plate parts which are joined to a plate surface of the stiffened panel, a base part which is separated from the plate surface of the stiffened panel and faces the plate surface, and a plurality of pillar parts which connect the base part and the top end plate parts. One end part of each of the pillar parts is connected to the base part, another end part is connected to each of the top end plate parts, and a cross-sectional shape of each of the connecting parts a in direction from the one end part toward the other end part is bent or curved. Between the pillar parts neighboring each other, openings are formed.

Abstract: Provided is a composite material assembly (100) includes: a first composite material member (1) in which a first hole (51) is formed, a second composite material member (2) in which a second hole (52) is formed, and a fastener (3) that is to be inserted through the first hole (51) and second hole (52) to thereby connect the first composite material member (1) to the second composite material member (2). A first chamfered section (51C) is formed on at least one of both ends of the first hole (51), and a second chamfered section (52C) is formed on at least one of both ends of the second hole (52).

Abstract: This evaluating method is an evaluating method for evaluating an assembly (50) provided with a reinforced member (60) and a reinforcing member (70), and includes: a step of introducing incident light into a first optical fiber (20) extending between a first composite layer and a second composite layer and detecting outgoing light therefrom to measure a first strain distribution, and introducing incident light into a second optical fiber (30) extending between the second composite layer and a third composite layer and detecting outgoing light therefore to measure a second strain distribution; and a step of acquiring the shape of wrinkles at the surface (60s) of the reinforced member (60) from the first strain distribution and the second strain distribution.

Abstract: The boiler (1) according to an aspect of the present invention is provided with a boiler main body (3) and a steel support frame (5) that suspends and supports the boiler main body (3). The boiler main body (3) is provided with: a furnace wall (11) composed of water pipes (15) and plate-like fins (16) arranged in an alternating manner; an internal element (4) housed inside the furnace wall (11); and a buffering mechanism (20) configured to attenuate vibration energy when relative displacement, of the internal element (4) with respect to the furnace wall (11), occurs that exceeds a predetermined value. The buffering mechanism (20) is disposed between the furnace wall (11) and the internal element (4) in the main vibration direction of the internal element (4), and the load on the buffering mechanism (20) caused by interference is transmitted to the fins (16).

Abstract: A structure for seismic isolation 10 provided on a structure plane 17 including a pair of left and right columns 5, 5 spaced apart in a horizontal direction, and a pair of upper and lower beams 7A, 7B spaced apart in a vertical direction, wherein the structure for seismic isolation comprises: a seismic isolation device 11 provided in a middle of each of the column 5, 5 to be displaced toward the beam 7A; and a horizontal rigid bearing element that is provided between an area in which the seismic isolation device 11 is provided and the beam 7B and that includes a connection beam 13 connecting the pair of columns 5, 5 and vertical braces 15L, 15R.

Abstract: In a boiler support structure in which certain seismic isolators are provided with a pullout countermeasure, the seismic isolators to be provided with the pullout countermeasure are individually identified according to whether the seismic isolator satisfies Formula (1): NDn+NEQn>Ntn . . . Formula (1), where NDn (NDn<0) is a compressive load occurring on each of the seismic isolators and calculated on the basis of a permanent load imposed on the boiler support structure; NEQn (NEQn>0) is a pullout force occurring on each of the seismic isolators and calculated on the assumption that an earthquake has occurred; and Ntn (Ntn>0) is an allowable pullout force of each of the seismic isolators and calculated using an allowable pullout stress of each of the seismic isolators.

Abstract: A structure for seismic isolation 10 provided on a structure plane 17 including a pair of left and right columns 5, 5 spaced apart in a horizontal direction, and a pair of upper and lower beams 7A, 7B spaced apart in a vertical direction, wherein the structure for seismic isolation comprises: a seismic isolation device 11 provided in a middle of each of the column 5, 5 to be displaced toward the beam 7A; and a horizontal rigid bearing element that is provided between an area in which the seismic isolation device 11 is provided and the beam 7B and that includes a connection beam 13 connecting the pair of columns 5, 5 and vertical braces 15L, 15R.

Abstract: The boiler (1) according to an aspect of the present invention is provided with a boiler main body (3) and a steel support frame (5) that suspends and supports the boiler main body (3). The boiler main body (3) is provided with: a furnace wall (11) composed of water pipes (15) and plate-like fins (16) arranged in an alternating manner; an internal element (4) housed inside the furnace wall (11); and a buffering mechanism (20) configured to attenuate vibration energy when relative displacement, of the internal element (4) with respect to the furnace wall (11), occurs that exceeds a predetermined value. The buffering mechanism (20) is disposed between the furnace wall (11) and the internal element (4) in the main vibration direction of the internal element (4), and the load on the buffering mechanism (20) caused by interference is transmitted to the fins (16).

Abstract: In a boiler support structure in which certain ones of seismic isolators are provided with a pullout countermeasure, the seismic isolators to be provided with the pullout countermeasure are individually identified according to whether the seismic isolator satisfies Formula (1) : NDn+NEQn>Ntn . . . Formula (1) , where NDn (ND<0) is a compressive load occurring on each of the seismic isolators and calculated on the basis of a permanent load imposed on the boiler support structure; NEQn (NEQn>0) is a pullout force occurring on each of the seismic isolators and calculated on the assumption that an earthquake has occurred; and Ntn (Ntn>0) is an allowable pullout force of each of the seismic isolators and calculated using an allowable pullout stress of each of the seismic isolators.

Abstract: A boiler support structure is provided that is capable of significantly reducing an effect of a seismic force and also capable of vibrating integrally during an earthquake. The boiler support structure is provided with a main boiler body (3), a support steel frame (11) that supports the main boiler body (3) in a suspended state and that includes a plurality of pillars (11a) that each stand on a foundation (1) with a pillar legs (11b) placed therebetween and a plurality of beams (11c) that connect the adjacent pillars (11a), and seismic isolation devices (5) that support the plurality of respective pillars (11a). In the boiler support structure (10), seismic isolation characteristics of each of the seismic isolation devices (5) are set in accordance with horizontal reaction forces occurring in the plurality of pillar legs (11b).

Abstract: There is provided a control system for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of matching an output torque of the engine with a demanded torque excellently when the combustion mode is switched, thereby enhancing drivability. A demanded fuel amount and a demanded torque of the engine are calculated according to detected operating conditions of the engine. A combustion mode is determined to be either the stratified combustion mode or the homogeneous combustion mode according to the demanded torque. A pre-switching demanded fuel injection time period and a pre-switching demanded torque are stored. When the combustion mode is switched, a switching-time demanded fuel amount (limit value) is calculated according to the stored pre-switching demanded fuel injection time period and pre-switching demanded torque, the current demanded torque, and an estimated combustion efficiency parameter.

Abstract: There is provided a control system for an internal combustion engine, which is capable of matching an output torque of the engine with a demanded torque excellently when the combustion mode is switched, thereby enhancing drivability. A demanded fuel amount and a demanded torque of the engine are calculated according to detected operating conditions of the engine. A combustion mode is determined to be either the stratified combustion mode or the homogeneous combustion mode according to the demanded torque. A pre-switching demanded fuel injection time period and a pre-switching demanded torque are stored. When the combustion mode is switched, a switching-time demanded fuel amount (limit value) is calculated according to the stored pre-switching demanded fuel injection time period and pre-switching demanded torque, the current demanded torque, and an estimated combustion efficiency parameter.

Abstract: An exhaust emission control system for an internal combustion engine having an exhaust system is disclosed. The control system may include an exhaust gas purifying device provided in the exhaust system and an oxygen concentration sensor provided downstream of the exhaust gas purifying device. The exhaust gas purifying device may include at least an oxygen storing ability or a nitrogen oxide storing ability. An air-fuel ratio of an air-fuel mixture supplied to the engine may be enriched with respect to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, so as to reduce the oxygen or nitrogen oxides stored in the exhaust gas purifying device. A predicted value of the output from the oxygen concentration sensor may be calculated using a predictor based on the fuzzy logic reasoning. The completion of the reduction of the oxygen or nitrogen oxides stored in said exhaust gas purifying device may be determined according to the predicted value.

Abstract: To obtain an air conditioning apparatus which provides a favorable atmosphere to the ear and saves energy even if the suction resistance of the impeller becomes high due to such as dust in the air conditioning apparatus. The air conditioning apparatus is provided with an impeller which is formed by a plurality of vanes and a ring for supporting the plurality of vanes, and includes a nozzle portion formed by a stabilizer and an air outlet, a cross flow fan formed by a guide wall, and a heat exchanger. The ratio H/&phgr;D2 of the outside diameter &phgr; D2 of the impeller to the height H of the air conditioning apparatus is 2.2 or above and 3.0 or below.

Abstract: A manipulation variable generating unit 7 for generating a target air-fuel ratio KCMD to converge the output of an oxygen concentration sensor 5 disposed downstream of a catalytic converter 3 in an exhaust system E as a plant to a given target value has a plurality of estimators for generating data indicating estimated values of the output of the oxygen concentration sensor after a dead time of the exhaust system E or a total dead time which is the sum of the dead time of the exhaust system E and a dead time of a system comprising an engine control unit 8 and an internal combustion engine 1, according to respective different algorithms. The manipulation variable generating unit 7 generates the target air-fuel ratio KCMD according to an adaptive sliding mode control process using a value selected from the estimated values or a combined value representing a combination of the estimated values.

Abstract: To obtain an air conditioning apparatus which provides a favorable atmosphere to the ear and saves energy even if the suction resistance of the impeller becomes high due to such as dust in the air conditioning apparatus. The air conditioning apparatus is provided with an impeller which is formed by a plurality of vanes and a ring for supporting the plurality of vanes, and includes a nozzle portion formed by a stabilizer and an air outlet, a cross flow fan formed by a guide wall, and a heat exchanger. The ratio H/&phgr;D2 of the outside diameter &phgr;D2 of the impeller to the height H of the air conditioning apparatus is 2.2 or above and 3.0 or below.