Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for amplitude modulation of a spread signal that can increase a data transmission rate and frequency use efficiency by loading information on the amplitude of the spread signal used in digital communications. A method for amplitude modulation of a spread signal according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: receiving a first data signal; generating a spread signal by applying a spreading code to the first data signal; receiving a second data signal; and outputting the spread signal at an amplitude corresponding to a value of the second data signal.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating and detecting a preamble that may significantly increase accuracy of frame synchronization while avoiding a low frequency domain having great noise power and minimizing hardware complexity and power consumption in a communication system of a digital direct transmission scheme applicable to human body communication. A method of generating a preamble according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes: generating a first pseudo noise code and a second pseudo noise code that are different from each other; generating a plurality of same first sub preambles by line-coding the first pseudo noise code; and generating a second sub preamble behind the plurality of first sub preambles by line-coding the second pseudo noise code.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a powerless electronic notepad and a powerless wireless transmission system using the same, and more particularly, to a powerless electronic notepad that stores data recorded on an electronic notepad using piezoelectric elements and transmits the stored data using a passive RFID tag without the use of a power source, and a powerless wireless transmission system using the same.

Abstract: A technique for simultaneously acquiring vehicle identification information and speed information of an RFID tag-attached vehicle by calculating the vehicle speed by using a Doppler shift value extracted from transmission and reception signals between the RFID tag and the RFID reader is disclosed. A method for measuring a vehicle speed by using an RFID reader installed right up on the road or at the roadside includes: transmitting a continuous wave; receiving a reflected wave with respect to the continuous wave from an RFID tag attached to a vehicle which has received the continuous wave; extracting a Doppler shift value from the continuous wave and the reflected wave; and calculating the speed of the vehicle by using the Doppler shift value.

Abstract: Disclosed is a radar apparatus supporting short range and long range radar operations, wherein a plurality of short range transmitting chirp signals and a plurality of long range transmitting chirp signals are generated by a predetermined modulation scheme and is transmitted to an object through at least one transmitting array antenna and signals reflected from the object is received through at least one receiving array antenna, and the plurality of long range transmitting chirp signals have transmission power larger than that for the plurality of short range transmitting chirp signals.

Abstract: An adaptive frequency selective baseband communications method using orthogonal codes includes: a communications testing step of performing communications by using one of a plurality of codes each having a different frequency band; a proper code selecting step of selecting a proper code by using a correlation value of a plurality of codes included in test data transmitted in the communications testing step; a communications performing step of performing communications by using the proper code; and a feedback step of newly selecting a proper code by using the correlation value of the plurality of codes included in the test data transmitted in the communications performing step if a pre-set time duration has lapsed or if a reception error of more than a pre-set reference occurs, and performing the communications performing step again, wherein the test data transmitted in the communications testing step and the communications performing step includes a plurality of codes each having a different frequency band.

Abstract: A receiver in a human communication system includes: receiving electrodes including a transmission frame including control frames and data frames; first and second switches connected with the receiving electrodes; a switching control unit controlling a switching of the first and second switches to selectively connect the receiving electrodes with the first and second switches in response to each control frame according to a predetermined rule every time each of the control frames is input; a signal processing unit performing signal processing on the transmission frame output from the first and second switches; a preamble detection unit detecting the first preamble from each of the control frames included in the signal-processed transmission frame to generate preamble correlation values for the first preamble; and a correlation value processing unit controlling the switching control unit to select pairs of final receiving electrodes among the receiving electrodes based on the preamble correlation values.

Abstract: A touch input device includes: a transparent electrode includes: a plurality of unit electrodes; a switch configured to reconfigure an electrical connection state of the transparent electrode; and a controller configured to control the switch that reconfigures the electrical connection state of the transparent electrode.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus and method for transmitting a multi millimeter wave, which can minimize signal interference and crosstalk between devices using millimeter waves as transmission frequencies. The apparatus includes a scanner, a physical layer controller and a physical layer. The scanner searches for a peripheral communication environment. The physical layer controller selects a transmission mode from the physical layer based on the peripheral communication environment searched by the scanner. The physical layer has a plurality of transmission modes and outputs a millimeter wave to an outside through an antenna in the transmission mode selected under a control of the physical layer controller.

Abstract: Provided are a stack-type beta battery generating a current from a beta source and a method of manufacturing the same. The method includes forming an oxide mask in a predetermined pattern on a surface of a substrate, forming a plurality of recesses by etching a region without the oxide mask from the substrate, removing the oxide mask and forming a PN-junction layer on the substrate, forming a first electrode on the PN-junction layer and forming a second electrode on another surface of the substrate, and forming a unit module by stacking a radioisotope layer on the PN-junction layer, the radioisotope layer emitting a beta ray. The beta battery can improve efficiency per unit area than a single layered beta battery by the number of stacked PN-junctions, and the process is simpler than a pore-forming process using DRIE, and manufacturing costs and time can be saved.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating an angle of arrival includes: a plurality of direction synthesizing units shifting the phase of each of a plurality of signals received by an array antenna such that the angle of arrival of each of the received signals is changed by a predetermined change angle; and an estimation unit estimating the angle of arrival of the received signal by using radiation gains of two phase-shifted signals among the signals phase-shifted by the plurality of direction synthesizing units.

Abstract: A beam forming apparatus includes: a receiver including a plurality of digital phase shifters configured to estimate an angle of arrival (AOA) of a received signal; and a transmitter including a plurality of analog phase shifters configured to perform phase shift based on the estimated AOA or a designated angle of orientation.

Abstract: An apparatus for harvesting energy from an electromagnetic field include an interface unit and a rectifier circuit. The interface unit obtains signals induced in a human body in electronic devices. The rectifier circuit rectifies an AC signal inputted from the interface unit and converts the inputted AC signal into DC power. Accordingly, it is possible to obtain desired power without additional exposure of an electromagnetic field to a human body or surroundings of the human body.

Abstract: There is provided a communications system and method using a part of human body as an antenna in a body area network, and more particularly, to a communications system and method enabling wireless communications using a low frequency band without the use of a bulky antenna in such a manner that a transmitting-side communications device applies electrical signals to a human body via a transmitting-side coupler to allow a part of human body to act as an antenna, and electrical signals, occurring in another part of human body due to radio frequency (RF) signals, are transferred to a receiving-side communications device via a receiving-side coupler.

Abstract: An apparatus for realizing a three-dimensional (3D) neural network includes a culture substrate (21) having a 3D structure and a plurality of microelectrodes (22) disposed on the culture substrate (21) in such a manner that neurons are cultured with a 3D structure. The central portion of the culture substrate (21) is shaped in a hemispheric form and a peripheral portion is shaped in a planar form. A plurality of outside connection electrodes (23) are disposed on the peripheral portion so as to be connected to an external device, and a plurality of electrode-connecting lines (24) connecting the microelectrodes (22) to the outside connection electrodes (23) are disposed on the culture substrate (21) as well.

Abstract: A provided a human body sound transmission apparatus includes: a processing unit processing an audio signal of an audio frequency band including data desired to be transmitted, an audio high frequency signal obtained by combining the audio signal and a first high frequency signal, and a second high frequency signal; and a transmission unit receiving a signal obtained by combining the audio high frequency signal and the second high frequency signal from the processing unit and transmitting the received signal by using a human body as a medium, wherein the audio high frequency signal and the second high frequency signal are combined to be transmitted by using the single transmission unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a crime prevention system using human body communication and a crime prevention method using human body communication capable of actively and effectively preventing a generation of a crime by using human body communication. The crime prevention system using human body communication includes: a monitoring device attached to a monitoring target to sense his physical contact with an observer and providing information obtained by monitoring the monitoring target through human body communication when body contact of the monitoring target with the observer is sensed; and a reception device attached to the observer, receiving the monitoring information through human body communication, and transmitting the monitoring information to a pre-set destination. A criminal act of the monitoring target may be prevented in advance, and when a criminal act is attempted, an observer who may fall a victim of the criminal act can actively cope with the situation.

Abstract: Disclosed is a system for providing multimedia data using human body communication in transportation capable of improving user convenience in transportation and providing various multimedia data. The system for providing multimedia data using human body communication in transportation includes: a multimedia data providing device converting multimedia data into a signal available for human communication and transmitting the converted signal to one or more of conductive units installed within transportation; and a human body communication device receiving the multimedia data through a user's body brought into contact with the one or more conductive units and executing the received multimedia data.

Abstract: A walking guidance apparatus using human body communication, including: a first human body communication device acquiring a walking guidance information signal, converting the acquired walking guidance information signal into a signal available for human body communication, and transmitting the converted signal through a user's body; and a second human body communication device receiving the signal transmitted through the user's body from the first human body communication device, converting the received signal into a signal that can be recognized by the user, and outputting the converted signal. Walking guidance information having a high privacy function and high stability and accuracy can be provided to enhance user convenience.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus having a control function using human body communication includes: a first control unit reading control data and performing a control to provide the read control data; a first human body communication unit converting the control data into a signal, which is transmittable through human body communication, according to a control signal outputted from the first control unit; an electrode installed in an outer housing of the electronic apparatus and transmitting the signal provided from the first human body communication unit to a user's body which comes into contact with the electronic apparatus; and a first storage unit storing the control data.