Abstract: A puncture and cut resistant composite material comprising at least one elastomeric layer containing a plurality of flat platelets oriented substantially parallel to the plane of the elastomeric layer, wherein each of the platelets is a small, thin element substantially impervious to normally encountered puncturing and/or cutting by sharp objects, and wherein the platelets by their mutual overlap substantially cover any surface to which the composite material may be applied. This new composite material is particularly well-suited to the formation of gloves.

Abstract: A puncture and cut resistant composite material including at least one elastomeric layer containing a plurality of flat platelets oriented substantially parallel to the plane of the elastomeric layer, wherein each of the platelets is a small, thin element substantially impervious to normally encountered puncturing and/or cutting by sharp objects, and wherein the platelets by their mutual overlap substantially cover any surface to which the composite material may be applied. This new composite material is particularly well-suited to the formation of gloves.

Abstract: An emulsifier-free lotion suspension of at least one liquid in another liquid, the lotion having high intrinsic stability. The lotion is prepared by combining microscopic particles of soft, porous, frangible polymer material containing at least a first liquid with a second liquid in free form. The amount of free liquid is sufficient to achieve a creamy texture without allowing bouyant movement of the particles. The softness of the particles is sufficient to enable the lotion to leave essentially no visible residue when rubbed onto the skin. The polymer material preferably takes the form of a microporous cellulosic powder.

Abstract: A hydraulic power system having first and second hydraulic power converters in which the speed of the second power converter is proportional to the speed of the first power converter. The first hydraulic power converter includes a plurality of hydraulic power producing elements. At least one of the power producing elements provides power for power driving, and at least one of the power producing elements pumps hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic fluid is connected to and drives the second hydraulic power converter at a speed proportional to the speed of the first power converter.

Abstract: Liquefiable powder compositions are disclosed for the delivery of fragrances. In particular, microporous cellulosic powders, such as cellulose acetates or nitrates, are disclosed as high liquid content vehicles for the delivery of fragrance preparations dissolved or dispersed in a liquid carrier. The resulting powders permit the application of the fragrance preparations by simply rubbing or otherwise applying the formulation onto the skin in such a manner that the powder liquefies and appears to vanish. Upon application, the frangible liquid loaded cellulosic powders break up into minute particles that do not pass easily beyond the initial layers of the skin, but do permit the slow release of the fragrance agent.

Abstract: Liquefiable powder compositions are disclosed for the delivery of topical analgesics. In particular, microporous cellulosic powders, such as cellulose acetates or nitrates, are disclosed as high liquid content vehicles for the delivery of liquid analgesic preparations. The resulting powders permit the application of the analgesic preparation by simply rubbing or otherwise applying the formulation onto the skin in such a manner that the powder liquefies and appears to vanish. Upon application, the frangible liquid loaded cellulosic powders break up into minute particles that do not pass easily beyond the initial layers of the skin, but do permit the slow release of the analgesic agent for absorption into the skin.

Abstract: Liquefiable powder compositions are disclosed for the delivery of topical sunscreens. In particular, microporous cellulosic powders, such as cellulose acetates or nitrates, are disclosed as high liquid content vehicles for the delivery of liquid sunscreen preparations dissolved or dispersed in a liquid carrier. The resulting powders permit the application of the sunscreen preparation by simply rubbing or otherwise applying the formulation onto the skin in such a manner that the powder liquefies and appears to vanish. Upon application, the frangible liquid loaded cellulosic powders break up into minute particles that adhere well to the skin and do not pass easily beyond the initial layers of the skin, but do permit the slow release of the sunscreen agent.

Abstract: Liquefiable and porous powder compositions are disclosed for the delivery of topical foot-care preparations. In particular, microporous cellulosic powders, such as cellulose acetates or nitrates, are disclosed as high liquid-content vehicles for the delivery of foot-care preparations. The resulting powders permit the application of the foot-care preparation by simply rubbing or otherwise applying the formulation onto the skin in such a manner that the powder liquefies and appears to vanish. Upon application, the frangible liquid-loaded cellulosic powders break up into minute particles that do not pass easily beyond the initial layers of the skin, but do permit the slow release of the foot-care preparation for absorption into the skin.

Abstract: Soap compositions for topical delivery of Personal care agents are disclosed. The compositions include a soap formulation and a frangible, liquid-loaded, cellulosic powder which is blended with the soap to form the composition. The porous cellulosic powder provides a vehicle for increasing the liquid payload of a soap without diminishing its hardness or durability.

Abstract: Liquefiable powder compositions are disclosed for the delivery of topical insect repellents. In particular, microporous cellulosic powders, such as cellulose acetates or nitrates, are disclosed as high liquid content vehicles for the delivery of liquid insect or tick repellent preparations. The resulting powders permit the application of the arthropod repellent preparation by simply rubbing or brushing the formulation onto the skin, in such a manner that the powder liquefies and appears to vanish. Upon application, the frangible, liquid loaded cellulosic powders break up into minute particles that do not pass easily beyond the initial layers of the skin, but do permit the slow release of the insect repellent agent.

Abstract: A puncture and cut resistant composite material comprising at least one elastomeric layer containing a plurality of flat platelets oriented substantially parallel to the plane of the elastomeric layer, wherein each of the platelets is a small, thin element substantially impervious to normally encountered puncturing and/or cutting by sharp objects, and wherein the platelets by their mutual overlap substantially cover any surface to which the composite material may be applied. This new composite material is particularly well-suited to the formation of gloves.

Abstract: Shaped articles, such as cakes, sticks and other compacts, formulated with liquefiable powders containing various agents are disclosed for the delivery of cosmetic and other personal care products. In particular, microporous cellulosic powders, such a cellulose triacetate (CTA), are disclosed as high liquid content vehicles for the active agents. The liquefiable powders can be compacted to form firm cakes or formulated with binders to yield sticks. The resulting shaped articles are neither oily nor gritty and yet permit the application of the cosmetic or personal care agents by simply rubbing or brushing the formulation onto the skin, in such a manner that the powder liquefies and appears to vanish. Shaped articles made in accordance with the present invention permit the delivery of high concentrations of active agents without the problems normally associated with liquids and oils.

Abstract: A method, composition, and article for use in transdermal or percutaneous administration to humans of systemically active medicaments in the form of a solution in benzyl alcohol.

Abstract: Gelled cellulose triacetate products are made by mixing with a solution of the cellulose triacetate an amount of miscible liquid nonsolvent agent insufficient to cause gelling, then cooling the mixture or evaporating the solvent to cause gelling.

Abstract: A color change indicator including: a liquid having a predetermined index of refraction and rate of evaporation; a reservoir for holding the liquid; and an opacifying layer of microporous material. The opacifying layer has an index of refraction approximately the same as that of the liquid and overlies the reservoir. The opacifying layer has an open-cell network of pores for absorbing the liquid from the reservoir and is in a first radiation scattering condition when the liquid occupies the opacifying layer and in a second scattering condition when the liquid is depleted from the opacifying layer.

Abstract: A vapor dispenser which comprises a reservoir to contain a nonflowing liquid whose vapor is to be dispensed into the environment and an outer covering about the reservoir which includes a membrane vapor-emitting surface through which the vapor is dispensed from the reservoir to the environment.

Abstract: Polymer-liquid composite materials, particularly of cellulosic polymers such as cellulose nitrate, are described, which materials are strong, transparent, ultramicroporous materials characterized by a diffusion-supporting liquid phase of about 70% or more liquid within an interpenetrating, form-retentive, solid polymer phase. The materials are prepared by precipitation from a hydrogen-bonding solvent solution by the use of a miscible nonsolvent at temperatures generally below about 45.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the controlled release of a substance which comprises impregnating a substance to be released into and within a cellulosic polymer-liquid composite material as a part of or all of the liquid phase, and the controlled release material as produced.