Abstract: Systems and methods are provided whereby a directional property of an ultrasound transducer element, such as a steering direction, is controlled according to a first driving waveform that is delivered to opposing propagation electrodes and a second driving waveform that is delivered to opposing lateral electrodes. The directional property may be controlled according a phase difference and/or relative amplitude between the first and second driving waveforms, and/or the selective actuation of one or more lateral electrodes when the lateral electrodes are defined in an array. The ultrasound transducer element may be a ring-shaped transducer element and a directional property associated with a focal region may be controlled. In some example embodiments, array elements of an ultrasound transducer array may each include propagation and lateral electrodes, with each array element being driven by respective first and second driving waveforms to focus the ultrasound energy emitted by the ultrasound transducer array.

Abstract: Methods and devices are described for driving ferroelectric perovskite oxide crystals to achieve polarization inversion with reduced coercivity. In some embodiments, the anisotropy in the potential energy surface of a ferroelectric material is employed to drive polarization inversion and switching with a reduced coercive field relative to uniaxial excitation. In some embodiments, polarization inversion with reduced coercivity is produced via the application of an electric field that exhibits a time-dependent orientation, in contrast with conventional uniaxial electrical excitation, thereby causing the central ion (and the crystal structure as a whole) to evolve along a lower-energy path, in which the central ion is driven such that it avoids the potential energy maximum. This may be achieved, for example, by applying at least two non-parallel time-dependent voltages (e.g. bias, potential) such that orientation of the electric field changes with time during the switching cycle.

Abstract: Methods and devices are described for driving ferroelectric perovskite oxide crystals to achieve polarization inversion with reduced coercivity. In some embodiments, the anisotropy in the potential energy surface of a ferroelectric material is employed to drive polarization inversion and switching with a reduced coercive field relative to uniaxial excitation. In some embodiments, polarization inversion with reduced coercivity is produced via the application of an electric field that exhibits a time-dependent orientation, in contrast with conventional uniaxial electrical excitation, thereby causing the central ion (and the crystal structure as a whole) to evolve along a lower-energy path, in which the central ion is driven such that it avoids the potential energy maximum. This may be achieved, for example, by applying at least two non-parallel time-dependent voltages (e.g. bias, potential) such that orientation of the electric field changes with time during the switching cycle.

Abstract: A therapeutic endocavity probe for treating tissues in particular of the prostate by emission of focused ultrasonic waves, including a support forming a guide tube extended by a mounting head for at least one therapy transducer component with an active surface emitting focused ultrasonic waves and having a spherical front of a total surface area in which a surface window is laid out for mounting an imaging transducer. According to the invention, the therapy transducer component has a front face having a total surface area equal to the sum of the active surface area equal to 1,500 mm2±200 mm2, and of the surface area of the window for letting through the imaging transducer, the ratio of the surface area of the window over the active surface area of the therapy transducer component being less than or equal to 0.45.

Abstract: A therapy apparatus for treating tissues by emission of focused ultrasound waves, includes a probe having a transducer formed by ultrasound elements distributed in several categories (N1 to NM) on a face for emission of focused ultrasound waves which is a surface of revolution generated by the rotation of a curve segment around an axis of symmetry, with the categories of ultrasound elements define independent and substantially contiguous focal volumes, and a control circuit including a signal generator for independently activating, alternately and substantially consecutively, the ultrasound emitter categories in such a way as to ensure continuous insonification in a ring shape originating from different categories of ultrasound emitters.

Abstract: A system and method for control of energy application to a target location based on a measured localized harmonic motion is disclosed. The system includes a first energy source configured to deliver a beam of energy to a subject to induce mechanical vibration of a desired region, a second energy source configured to deliver a second beam of energy into the desired region, and a receiver configured to receive echo signals from the desired region indicative of reflected energy from the second energy source. The system also includes a computer programmed to analyze at least one of amplitude, phase, and frequency of the vibration of the desired region indicated by the received echo signals, monitor the amplitude, phase, and/or frequency of the vibration in the desired region during application of the beam of energy, detect a change in the amplitude, phase, and/or frequency of the vibration in the desired region and, if the change exceeds a pre-determined size and rate, generate an alert.

Abstract: A therapeutic endocavity probe for treating tissues in particular of the prostate by emission of focused ultrasonic waves, including a support forming a guide tube extended by a mounting head for at least one therapy transducer component with an active surface emitting focused ultrasonic waves and having a spherical front of a total surface area in which a surface window is laid out for mounting an imaging transducer. According to the invention, the therapy transducer component has a front face having a total surface area equal to the sum of the active surface area equal to 1,500 mm2 ±200 mm2, and of the surface area of the window for letting through the imaging transducer, the ratio of the surface area of the window over the active surface area of the therapy transducer component being less than or equal to 0.45.