Abstract: An apparatus is provided that determines, based on a geometrical criterion and at least one map object of plurality of map objects, whether a map element of a first map element type or a second map element type shall be created; wherein elements of the first map element type are intended to be usable for applying a constraint to a user position and wherein elements of the second map element type are intended to be less usable for applying a constraint to a user position compared to the elements of the first map element type; and creates a map element according to the determined map element type, the created map element being associated with the at least one map object.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment, an apparatus comprises at least one receiver configured to receive a grid corresponding to an area, at least one processor configured to assign at least one access point in the area to at least one node in the grid, and the at least one processor configured to select a predetermined number of access points assigned to the at least one node for inclusion in a partial radio map.

Abstract: An apparatus obtains a set of radio data comprising signal strength related values for radio signals transmitted by a transmitter with an association of each signal strength related value with a representation of a geographical location. The apparatus applies a frequency transform to the obtained set of radio data to obtain transform coefficients, each transform coefficient comprising a transform index and an associated transform value. The apparatus selects a subset of transform indices having more significant transform values than the remaining transform indices and compresses the transform indices by encoding each transform index exploiting a probability of occurrence of an index value of a respective transform index. The same or another apparatus decodes the compressed transform indices again for use in position operations.

Abstract: Results of measurements by a mobile device on radio signals transmitted by at least one transmitter are obtained. The results of measurements comprise characteristics of the radio signals at each of a plurality of locations of measurements at a particular site, and indications of the locations of measurement. The results of measurement and the indications of the locations are provided and used as a basis for a generation of a radio map for use in supporting a positioning of mobile devices at the site. In addition, a user input to the mobile device is detected, the user input defining a localization area at the site that is to be covered by the radio map. A representation of the defined localization area is provided in addition for use in connection with the radio map.

Abstract: An apparatus determines, based on a geometrical criterion and at least one map object of plurality of map objects, whether a map element of a first map element type or a second map element type shall be created. Elements of the first map element type are intended to be usable for applying a constraint to a user position and elements of the second map element type are intended to be less usable for applying a constraint to a user position compared to the elements of the first map element type. The apparatus also creates a map element according to the determined map element type. The created map element is associated with the at least one map object.

Abstract: It is disclosed to obtain a frequency transformed radiomap data set by applying a discrete frequency transform to an original radiomap data set. It is also disclosed to obtain a reconstructed radiomap data set by applying an inverse discrete frequency transform to a frequency transformed radiomap data set.

Abstract: An apparatus obtains a set of radio data comprising signal strength related values for radio signals transmitted by a transmitter with an association of each signal strength related value with a representation of a geographical location (201). The apparatus applies a frequency transform to the obtained set of radio data to obtain transform coefficients, each transform coefficient comprising a transform index and an associated transform value (202). The apparatus selects a subset of transform indices having more significant transform values than the remaining transform indices (203) and compresses the transform indices by encoding each transform index exploiting a probability of occurrence of an index value of a respective transform index (204). The same or another apparatus decodes the compressed transform indices again for use in position operations.

Abstract: Results of measurements by a mobile device on radio signals transmitted by at least one transmitter are obtained. The results of measurements comprise characteristics of the radio signals at each of a plurality of locations of measurements at a particular site, and indications of the locations of measurement. The results of measurement and the indications of the locations are provided and used as a basis for a generation of a radio map for use in supporting a positioning of mobile devices at the site. In addition, a user input to the mobile device is detected, the user input defining a localization area at the site that is to be covered by the radio map. A representation of the defined localization area is provided in addition for use in connection with the radio map.

Abstract: A method performed by at least one apparatus is inter alia disclosed, said method comprising: obtaining measurement data on a location-specific quantity of a signal transmitted by a transmitter; obtaining location information associated with said measurement data on said location-specific quantity; and determining, based on said obtained measurement data and said obtained location information, one or more model parameters of a model describing said location-specific quantity in dependence of location, wherein said model assumes a location dependence of said location-specific quantity in form of a combination of a first location-specific function and a second location-specific function.

Abstract: It is disclosed to obtain a frequency transformed radiomap data set by applying a discrete frequency transform to an original radiomap data set. It is also disclosed to obtain a reconstructed radiomap data set by applying an inverse discrete frequency transform to a frequency transformed radiomap data set.

Abstract: Assistance data specifications and protocols for navigation systems in cellular networks and/or other networks. These specifications and protocols do not impact system-specific control plane protocols. According to various embodiments, a bearer and satellite system-independent meta structure may be protected for periodic and/or continuous transfer, e.g., streaming, of assistance data in a network. As a result, the need for the arrangement of multiple individual sub sessions may be reduced or eliminated in various embodiments.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment, an apparatus comprises at least one receiver configured to receive a grid corresponding to an area, at least one processor configured to assign at least one access point in the area to at least one node in the grid, and the at least one processor configured to select a predetermined number of access points assigned to the at least one node for inclusion in a partial radio map.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus comprises a processor configured to determine a first result of estimating a position based at least in part on a first partial radio map, the processor further configured to perform a first comparison of the first result to a reference position, and a memory configured to store a second result based upon the comparison.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method, performed by at least one apparatus. The method may include obtaining new opportunity signal data pertaining to an opportunity signal source and indicating opportunity signal values for particular locations at a site; obtaining previous opportunity signal data pertaining to said opportunity signal source and indicating opportunity signal values for particular locations at said site; comparing at least a part of said opportunity signal values of said new opportunity signal data pertaining to said opportunity signal source of said site and said opportunity signal values of said previous opportunity signal data pertaining to said opportunity signal source of said site for corresponding locations at said site; and classifying said opportunity signal source based at least in part on said comparing.

Abstract: An apparatus obtains data comprising magnetic flux density data and an association of the magnetic flux density data to grid points of at least one grid, each grid point representing at least a geographical location. The apparatus applies at least one frequency transform to a representation of the magnetic flux density data and their association to grid points to obtain frequency components. The apparatus provides compressed magnetic flux density data comprising a subset of the obtained frequency components for at least one of storage and transmission. The same apparatus or another apparatus applies at least one inverse frequency transform to the frequency components in order to recover the magnetic flux density data and their association with different grid points and provides the recovered magnetic flux density data and their association with different grid points for supporting a positioning of a mobile device.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus comprises at least one receiver configured to receive a grid corresponding to an area, at least one processor configured to assign at least one access point in the area to at least one node in the grid, and the at least one processor configured to select a predetermined number of access points assigned to the at least one node for inclusion in a partial radio map.

Abstract: A method, performed by an apparatus (2)(4), is disclosed, the method comprising: obtaining alignment information pertaining to a map (10), which is or is to be aligned in a reference frame; performing or receiving a result of a check of the alignment of the map (10) at least based on the obtained alignment information and on reference information allowing for an at least partial check of the alignment of the map (10) in the reference frame.

Abstract: An apparatus obtains fingerprints that have been collected by at least one mobile device for supporting a positioning of other mobile devices. Each fingerprint comprising results of measurements on radio signals of at least one communication node at a particular location and an indication of the particular location. The apparatus estimates values of parameters defining a radio model for the at least one communication node based on the obtained fingerprints. The apparatus determines a quality of the radio model. The apparatus generates data for a feedback for a user of the at least one mobile device based on the determined quality of the radio model.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment, an apparatus comprises a first receiver configured to receive a first partial radio map and a second partial radio map, a processor configured to compare the first partial radio map and the second partial radio map, and the processor further configured to determine to replace the first partial radio map with the second partial radio map based at least in part on a result of the comparison.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided to allow for the use of existing satellite identification parameters generically, so as to allow for Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) identification. In addition, an optional or conditional parameter is linked to the satellite identification parameter for a frequency identification, where frequency identification is indicative of a Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) frequency value. Such a frequency identification parameter is optional as it is needed only for current GLONASS and/or near-future GLONASS (e.g., GLONASS-M) satellites. Hence, utilization of the frequency identification parameter maybe unnecessary and therefore, not included/not linked when considering next generation GLONASS satellites, e.g., GLONASS-K satellites. Additionally, signals supported by particular global positioning system (GPS) satellites can be indicated with the use of generic satellite identification.