Abstract: The invention relates to a method of, in the electrical ignition of a propellent charge (1) provided with an electrically conductive surface coating (5) and comprising one or more propellant components (3), ensuring that ignition and progressive combustion of the propellent charge take place. The method is characterized in that said electrically conductive surface coating, when ignition of the propellent charge is desired, is connected to an electrical high-voltage source (6), in that said high-voltage source is made to generate at least one high electrical pulse to said connected electrically conductive surface coating, and in that said at least one high electrical pulse produces an instantaneous flashover ignition of the electrically conductive surface coating of the propellent charge and of all its propellant components, simultaneously. The invention also relates to a propellent charge and to an ammunition shot comprising the propellent charge.

Abstract: The high pressure sluice feeder has a conical rotor mounted in a housing having a complementary conical interior. The rotor has a plurality of trough-going pockets arranged offset to each other in the rotor. The housing has ports distributed evenly around a circumference of the housing and exposed to the pockets during rotation of the rotor. A conical exterior surface of the rotor or the conical interior surface of the housing is equipped with a flush-out groove. The groove catches any abrasive particles caught between the complementary conical surfaces of the rotor and housing. The abrasive particles are flushed out towards the trough-going pockets of the rotor when one end of the groove is pressurized by either one neighboring trough-going pocket or a sealing liquid supply to a gable end of the rotor/housing.

Abstract: The device is for the dilution of dewatered cellulose pulp that maintains a consistency of 20-30% or greater. By shredding of the pulp to a finely divided dry-granulate, dilution to a homogeneous consistency in the medium consistency range can take place exclusively through hydrodynamic effects from the addition of dilution fluid. The dilution fluid is added to granulate at a position at which granulate is in free fall in a standpipe and above a level Liqlev of diluted pulp in the standpipe. A number of nozzles are arranged around the periphery of the stand pipe, directed in towards the center of the stand pipe, obliquely downwards in the direction of fall of the granulate. It is possible through this simplified procedure to avoid completely the conventional dilution screws, and this reduces the investment costs and operating costs, while at the same time unnecessary mechanical influence of the pulp fibers can be avoided.

Abstract: The high pressure sluice feeder has a conical rotor mounted in a housing having a complementary conical interior. The rotor has a plurality of trough-going pockets arranged offset to each other in the rotor. The housing has ports distributed evenly around a circumference of the housing and exposed to the pockets during rotation of the rotor. A conical exterior surface of the rotor or the conical interior surface of the housing is equipped with a flush-out groove. The groove catches any abrasive particles caught between the complementary conical surfaces of the rotor and housing. The abrasive particles are flushed out towards the trough-going pockets of the rotor when one end of the groove is pressurized by either one neighboring trough-going pocket or a sealing liquid supply to a gable end of the rotor/housing.

Abstract: The method and a device is for the dilution of dewatered cellulose pulp that maintains a consistency of 20-30% or greater. By shredding of the pulp to a finely divided dry-granulate, dilution to a homogeneous consistency in the medium consistency range can take place exclusively through hydrodynamic effects from the addition of dilution fluid. The dilution fluid is added to granulate at a position at which granulate is in free fall in a standpipe and above a level Liq.sub.LEV of diluted pulp in the standpipe. A number of nozzles are arranged around the periphery of the stand pipe, directed in towards the centre of the stand pipe, obliquely downwards in the direction of fall of the granulate. It is possible through this simplified procedure to avoid completely the conventional dilution screws, and this reduces the investment costs and operating costs, while at the same time unnecessary mechanical influence of the pulp fibres can be avoided.

Abstract: The vessel in which the chips are pre-treated with steam (ST) is provided with a ventilation channel at the top of the vessel for the leading away of weak gases to a weak gas system (NCG). A simple safety system has been installed with the aim of guaranteeing that these weak gases do not reach a level of concentration at which these weak gases become explosive. The safety system has a control unit (CPU) that detects a process parameter that is indicative of the fraction of moisture in the weak gases and opens dilution lines that supply air for the dilution of the weak gases in the ventilation channel. It is appropriate that the dilution take place in stages, where the dilution lines are opened in stages with successively increasing temperature of the weak gases.

Abstract: A method for the impregnation of untreated chips during the manufacture of chemical pulp. The untreated chips are fed without preceding steam treatment into an impregnation vessel that has an upper part with a first area (A1) and a lower part with a second area (A2) that is larger than the first area (A1) by a factor of at least ?{square root over (2)}. The chips establish in the upper part a level of chips that is located at a level (h) above a level of fluid consisting of liquor. The chips after passage of the upper part pass through a transitional part, where an increase in area from the first area (A1) to the second area (A2) takes place, and it is here that the angle of repose of the chips is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a novel method for producing powder charges with a high charge density consisting of a granulated powder lying loosely in the charge. In accordance with the invention, the powder is vacuum-packed in airtight pouches made of a combustible and preferably flexible packaging material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of in the electrical ignition of a propellent charge (1) provided with an electrically conductive surface coating (5) and comprising one or more propellant components (3), ensuring that ignition and progressive combustion of the propellent charge take place. The method is characterized in that said electrically conductive surface coating, when ignition of the propellent charge is desired, is connected to an electrical high-voltage source (6), in that said high-voltage source is made to generate at least one high electrical pulse to said connected electrically conductive surface coating, and in that said at least one high electrical pulse produces an instantaneous flashover ignition of the electrically conductive surface coating of the propellent charge and of all its propellant components, simultaneously. The invention also relates to a propellent charge and to an ammunition shot comprising the propellent charge.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plasma generator (4, 4?) for electrothermal and electrothermal-chemical weapon systems, which plasma generator is intended to deliver at least one energy pulse for the formation of a plasma for accelerating a projectile (3) along the barrel (11) of the weapon system. The plasma generator comprises a combustion chamber (20) with a combustion chamber channel (20?), a centre electrode (24, 24?) disposed inside the combustion chamber channel, which combustion chamber and centre electrode are electrically conductive, and a ceramic tube (23) arranged between the combustion chamber and the centre electrode. The ceramic tube is shrink-fastened into the combustion chamber, and the plasma generator further comprises a polymeric sacrificial material (34, 34?), which is gasifiable by the energy pulse. The invention also relates to a method for making the plasma generator form a plasma, and an ammunition round having a plasma generator according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plasma generator (4) for electrothermal and electrothermal-chemical weapons systems, the plasma generator being intended, via at least one emitted energy pulse, to form a plasma, which is designed to accelerate a projectile (3) along the barrel (11) of the weapons system in question, the plasma generator comprising a combustion chamber (20) having an axial combustion chamber channel (20?) and a ceramic arranged inside the combustion chamber channel for insulating the combustion chamber. According to the invention the ceramic consists of a shrink- fixed, compressively pre-stressed ceramic tube (23). The invention also relates to a method for shrink-fixing the ceramic tube in the combustion chamber channel as well as an ammunition round comprising a plasma generator according to the invention.

Abstract: The method is for the impregnation of chips during the manufacture of chemical pulp. The chips are continuously fed without preceding steam treatment to the top of an impregnation vessel that maintains atmospheric pressure. Impregnation fluid (BL) is added to the impregnation vessel and establishes a fluid level (LIQ_LEV). The chips that have been added establish a chips level (CH_LEV) that lies at least 3-5 meters over the fluid level. The temperature at the top of the vessel essentially corresponds to ambient temperature. Impregnation fluid BL is fed in to the impregnation vessel in such an amount and at such a temperature that the temperature that is established at the fluid level (LIQ_LEV) is established within the interval 90-115° C., preferably within the interval 95-105° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a shell (1) for firing from a gun barrel, which shell (1) comprises a shell body (2), comprising a front shell body part (3) and a rear shell body part (4), and a girdle (7), mutually joined together. The object of the invention is a shell (1) designed such that it is quicker and easier to assemble/disassemble the shell (1) when the explosive charges of the shell (1) need to be exchanged, or when the shell (1) has to be destroyed and/or recovered. The invention is characterized in that the girdle (7) of the shell (1) constitutes a binding element (7) for the shell body parts (3, 4) and in that the shell body parts (3, 4) are joined together with the girdle (7).

Abstract: The invention relates to a plasma generator (4, 4?) for electrothermal and electrothermal-chemical weapon systems, which plasma generator comprises a combustion chamber (20) having a combustion chamber channel, and a center electrode (24, 24?) disposed inside the combustion chamber channel (20?), which combustion chamber and center electrode are electrically conductive and each comprise a respective first connector (26, 42?, 33, 45?) for an electrical connection to a respective second connector (14c, 49, 14d, 48), interacting with the respective first connector, on the back piece of the weapon system. The connector (42?) belonging to the combustion chamber and the connector (45?) belonging to the center electrode are axially displaceable relative to each one of the connectors (48, 49) belonging to the back piece (14), with a maintained, radial contact between the first and the second connectors (42?, 45? and 48, 49).

Abstract: The method and a device is for the dilution of dewatered cellulose pulp that maintains a consistency of 20-30% or greater. By shredding of the pulp to a finely divided dry-granulate, dilution to a homogeneous consistency in the medium consistency range can take place exclusively through hydrodynamic effects from the addition of dilution fluid. The dilution fluid is added to granulate at a position at which granulate is in free fall in a standpipe and above a level LiqLEV of diluted pulp in the standpipe. A number of nozzles are arranged around the periphery of the stand pipe, directed in towards the centre of the stand pipe, obliquely downwards in the direction of fall of the granulate. It is possible through this simplified procedure to avoid completely the conventional dilution screws, and this reduces the investment costs and operating costs, while at the same time unnecessary mechanical influence of the pulp fibres can be avoided.

Abstract: An electrical energy-insulating, preferably ceramic, insert (15) which is fitted in a barrel (2) is adapted in order to prevent electrical energy transmission (16) from an electric igniter (3) to a barrel body on firing of an ammunition unit (11) which can be initiated with the electric igniter (3). The insert is arranged in a position for firing of the ammunition unit. By means of the invention, a simple solution is obtained to the problem of electrical energy transmission by virtue of the fact that other measures do not have to be taken, for example the cases of the ammunition units do not have to be adapted by complicated and cost-increasing measures.

Abstract: The method and arrangement is for the feed of a chips suspension from one vessel to a subsequent digester in a continuous cooking process for the production of chemical cellulose pulp. The vessel has an inlet defined therein for the input of chips and an outlet defined therein for the output of a chips suspension. The chips suspension in the vessel has a first fluid/wood ratio established above a second fluid/wood ratio that is established at the bottom of the vessel. The second fluid/wood ratio is at least as great as, preferably greater than, the first fluid/wood ratio. After the output of the chips suspension from the vessel and before the chips suspension is placed under pressure for onwards transport to a subsequent digester, a fraction of fluid is withdrawn from the chips suspension, whereby a third fluid/wood ratio is established in the chips suspension.

Abstract: The present invention proposes a novel method for producing powder charges with a high charge density consisting of a granulated powder lying loosely in the charge. In accordance with the invention, the powder is vacuum-packed in airtight pouches made of a combustible and preferably flexible packaging material.

Abstract: The vessel in which the chips are pre-treated with steam (ST) is provided with a ventilation channel at the top of the vessel for the leading away of weak gases to a weak gas system (NCG). A simple safety system has been installed with the aim of guaranteeing that these weak gases do not reach a level of concentration at which these weak gases become explosive. The safety system has a control unit (CPU) that detects a process parameter that is indicative of the fraction of moisture in the weak gases and opens dilution lines that supply air for the dilution of the weak gases in the ventilation channel. It is appropriate that the dilution take place in stages, where the dilution lines are opened in stages with successively increasing temperature of the weak gases.

Abstract: The method and an arrangement are for improved impregnation of chips in association with the manufacture of chemical cellulose pulp. Un-steamed chips are fed into an impregnation vessel (30) in which a fluid level (LIQ_LEV) is established under the highest level (CH_LEV) of the chips. An improved impregnation arrangement for the chips is obtained by the addition of impregnation fluids (BL1/BL2/BL3) with increasing temperatures at different heights (P1, P2, P3), and by the establishment of a counter-flow zone (Z1) in the uppermost part of the impregnation vessel. The requirement for steaming may in this way be dramatically reduced while at the same time the amount of expelled waste gases may be minimized. A major part of the volatile compounds present in the wood are bound to the impregnation fluid (REC) that is withdrawn.