Abstract: A method for making zeolite-Y particles may include forming a zeolite precursor solution that may include an alumina source material and a silica source material in a solvent. The method may also include subjecting the zeolite precursor solution to a heating process to form the zeolite-Y particles. The heating process may include a first heating treatment and a second heating treatment. The second heating treatment may follow the first heating treatment. The first heating treatment may include exposure to a temperature of from 50° C. to 120° C. under non-autoclave conditions and the second heating treatment may include exposure to a temperature of from 80° C. to 120° C. under autoclave conditions.

Abstract: A method of making zeolite-Y particles may include dissolving a silica source material into a first solvent to form a first solution and dissolving an alumina source material into a second solvent to form a second solution. The method may also include combining the first solution with the second solution to form a combined mixture. The combined mixture may include a templating agent. The method may include aging the combined mixture for a time period of from 10 hours to 30 hours to form a zeolite precursor solution and heating the zeolite precursor solution at a temperature of from 50° C. to 70° C. to form an intermediate mixture. The method may include heating the intermediate mixture at a temperature of from 80° C. to 120° C. to form the zeolite-Y particles.

Abstract: A method for making zeolite-Y particles, the method may include forming a zeolite precursor solution including an alumina source material and a silica source material in a solvent. The method may include heating the zeolite precursor solution at a temperature of from 50° C. to 70° C. for a time period of from 12 hours to 24 hours to form an intermediate mixture. The method may include adding a structure directing agent and a swelling agent to the intermediate mixture; and following the adding of the structure directing agent and the swelling agent to the intermediate mixture, heating the intermediate mixture at a temperature of from 50° C. to 120° C. for a time period of from 12 hours to 24 hours to form the zeolite-Y particles.

Abstract: A method for making zeolite-Y particles may include forming an initial zeolite precursor solution including an initial alumina source material and a silica source material in a solvent. The method may also include heating the initial zeolite precursor solution at a temperature of at least 50° C. to form an intermediate mixture. The method may also include adding additional alumina source material to the intermediate mixture. Following the adding of the additional alumina source material to the intermediate mixture, the intermediate mixture may be heated at a temperature of at least 50° C. to form zeolite-Y particles.

Abstract: A method for making zeolite-Y particles may include forming an initial zeolite precursor solution including an alumina source material and a silica source material in a solvent, and subjecting the initial zeolite precursor solution to a first heating process to form zeolite-Y particles in a residual liquid solution, and separating the zeolite-Y particles from the residual liquid solution. The residual liquid solution may include some remaining non-crystalized silica source material, and the residual liquid solution may have a different alumina to silica molar ratio than the initial zeolite precursor. The method may further include forming a recycled zeolite precursor solution that may include at least a portion of the residual liquid solution and one or both of additional alumina source material or additional silica source material, such that the recycled zeolite precursor solution has an alumina to silica molar ratio within 10% of the alumina to silica ratio of the initial zeolite precursor solution.

Abstract: A method for upgrading a naphtha feed includes passing the naphtha feed to an adsorption unit to produce at least a paraffin stream and an isoparaffin stream, wherein the isoparaffin stream comprises isoparaffins and aromatics. Passing the isoparaffin stream to an isoparaffin aromatization catalytic unit that contacts the isoparaffin stream with at least one aromatization catalyst produces aromatics from the isoparaffins thereby yielding an aromatization effluent. The at least one aromatization catalyst may comprise ZSM-5 zeolite. Benzene, toluene, and/or xylene (BTX) may be separated from the aromatization effluent by separating the aromatics effluent into a gas stream and a liquid stream in a gas/liquid separator, wherein the liquid stream contains BTX. Passing the liquid stream to a BTX-separation unit may produce a BTX stream and a recycle stream, wherein the BTX stream contains benzene, toluene, and/or xylene.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for reactivity-based group-type analysis of a hydrocarbon sample. An exemplary method includes determining a representative composition of each of two or more portions of the sample, determining a mass fraction of each of the two or more portions present in the sample, and determining a mass fraction of each representative species present in each of the two or more portions of the sample.

Abstract: This disclosure generally relates to methods for producing catalyst compositions, which may include forming a precursor solution comprising a silicon-containing material, an aluminum-containing material, and a quaternary amine, hydrothermally treating the precursor solution at a first temperature to form an intermediate mixture, hydrothermally treating the intermediate mixture at a second temperature to form beta zeolite, wherein the first temperature is less than the second temperature by at least 200° C., forming an extrudable mixture comprising the beta zeolite, alumina, a metal precursor, and a binder, extruding the extrudable mixture to form extrudates, and calcining the extrudates to form the catalyst composition.

Abstract: Systems and method for upgrading pyrolysis oil to produce greater value aromatic compounds includes combining heavy pyrolysis oil and a diluent to produce the pyrolysis oil feed withleast 30 wt. % multi-ring aromatic compounds boiling at greater than 360° C. The systems and methods include passing the pyrolysis oil feed to a fixed bed reactor having a hydrocracking catalyst that includes pellets having a particle size greater than or equal to 0.1 millimeter. The hydrocracking catalyst is a mixed metal oxide catalyst that includes a binder and mixed metal oxide particles or a supported metal oxide catalyst that includes molybdenum oxide and nickel oxide supported on a catalyst support material comprising a large-pore alumina. The methods may further include contacting the pyrolysis oil feed with the hydrogen in the presence of the hydrocracking catalyst at reaction conditions in the fixed bed reactor to produce a reaction effluent.

Abstract: A method for upgrading pyrolysis oil includes contacting a pyrolysis oil feed with hydrogen in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst in a first fixed-bed reactor, where: the pyrolysis oil feed comprises multi-ring aromatic compounds comprising greater than or equal to sixteen carbon atoms, and contacting the pyrolysis oil feed with hydrogen in the presence of the mixed metal oxide catalyst in the first fixed-bed reactor to convert at least a portion of the multi-ring aromatic compounds in the pyrolysis oil feed to di-aromatic compounds, tri-aromatic compounds, or both, passing an intermediate stream comprising the di-aromatic compounds, tri-aromatic compounds, or both to a second fixed-bed reactor downstream of the first fixed-bed reactor; and contacting the intermediate stream with hydrogen in the presence of a mesoporous supported metal catalyst in a second fixed-bed reactor.

Abstract: A method for upgrading a naphtha feed includes passing the naphtha feed to an adsorption unit to produce at least a paraffin stream and an isoparaffin stream, wherein the isoparaffin stream comprises isoparaffins and aromatics. Passing the isoparaffin stream to an isoparaffin aromatization catalytic unit that contacts the isoparaffin stream with at least one aromatization catalyst produces aromatics from the isoparaffins thereby yielding an aromatization effluent. The at least one aromatization catalyst may comprise ZSM-5 zeolite. Benzene, toluene, and/or xylene (BTX) may be separated from the aromatization effluent by separating the aromatics effluent into a gas stream and a liquid stream in a gas/liquid separator, wherein the liquid stream contains BTX. Passing the liquid stream to a BTX-separation unit may produce a BTX stream and a recycle stream, wherein the BTX stream contains benzene, toluene, and/or xylene.

Abstract: A method of processing a hydrocarbon feed may comprise fractionating the hydrocarbon feed into a light stream, a medium-light stream, a medium-heavy stream, and a heavy stream; passing the light stream to a steam cracking unit to produce a cracked light stream; passing the medium-heavy stream to a hydrocracker to produce a hydrocracked medium-heavy stream; passing the heavy stream to a delayed coker to produce a cracked heavy stream; and passing the cracked light stream, the medium-light stream, the hydrocracked medium-heavy stream, and the cracked heavy stream to a catalytic reformer to produce an aromatics stream. In some embodiments, the method may further comprise alkylating the cracked light stream. In further embodiments, various recycle streams may be utilized.

Abstract: A method of processing a hydrocarbon feed may comprise fractionating the hydrocarbon feed into a light stream, a medium-light stream, a medium-heavy stream, and a heavy stream; passing the medium-heavy stream to a hydrocracker to produce a hydrocracked medium-heavy stream; passing the heavy stream to a delayed coker to produce a cracked heavy stream; and passing the medium-light stream, the hydrocracked medium-heavy stream, and the cracked heavy stream to a catalytic reformer to produce an aromatics stream.

Abstract: A method of making a mesoporous zeolite may include combining an initial zeolite with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide to form an initial zeolite mixture. The method may also include adding ammonium hexafluorosilicate and ammonium hydroxide to the initial zeolite mixture to form a treated zeolite mixture. The method may also include heating the treated zeolite mixture to form the mesoporous zeolite.

Abstract: A process for upgrading a hydrocarbon feed, such as crude oil or other heavy oils, may include hydrotreating a hydrocarbon feed in a hydrotreating unit to produce a hydrotreated effluent that includes asphaltenes, coke precursors, or both. The process further includes hydrocracking the hydrotreated effluent in a hydrocracking unit to produce a hydrocracked effluent, adsorbing at least a portion of the asphaltenes, coke precursors, or both, from the hydrotreated effluent, the hydrocracked effluent, or both, separating the hydrocracked effluent into at least an upgraded lesser-boiling effluent and a greater-boiling effluent in a hydrocracked effluent separation system, and steam cracking the upgraded lesser-boiling effluent to produce olefins, aromatic compounds, or combinations of these. The process may further include recycling the greater boiling effluent back to the hydrotreating unit and hydrocracking a middle distillate effluent from the hydrocracked effluent separation system.

Abstract: An architected transitional metal dichalcogenides, TMD, foam includes plural layers of TMD arranged on top of each other along a given first direction Z, each layer including plural cells, each cell being defined by one or more struts made of the TMD; plural channels extending along a given second direction M, which makes an angle ? with the first given direction Z; and plural pores formed on sides of the plural channels.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing a mesoporous nano-sized ultra-stable Y zeolite include combining a microporous Y zeolite having a SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio of less than 5.2 with water to form a microporous Y zeolite slurry and heating the microporous Y zeolite slurry to 30° C. to 100° C. to form a heated microporous Y zeolite slurry. Further the method includes adding a 0.1M to 2.0M ammonium hexafluorosilicate solution and a 0.1M to 2.0M ammonium hydroxide solution in a drop-wise manner, either sequentially or simultaneously, to the heated microporous Y zeolite slurry to form a treated zeolite solution and holding the treated zeolite solution at 50° C. to 100° C. Finally the method includes filtering and washing the dealuminated solution with water to form an ultra-stable Y zeolite precursor, drying the ultra-stable Y zeolite precursor, and calcining the dried zeolite precursor to form the nano-sized ultra-stable Y zeolite.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing a mesoporous nano-sized zeolite beta are described. The method may include mixing an aqueous base solution with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) to form a first solution; adding nano-sized zeolite particles having a particle size of less than or equal to 100 nm to the first solution to form a second solution. The nano-sized zeolite particles include a microporous framework with a plurality of micropores having diameters of less than or equal to 2 nm and a BEA framework type. The method may further include transferring the second solution to an autoclave operated at 25° C. to 200° C. for 3 to 24 hours to form a colloid; drying the colloid at 100° C. to 200° C. for 8 to 36 hours without washing the colloid to form a zeolite precursor; and calcining the zeolite precursor at 250° C. to 600° C. for 1 to 8 hours to form the mesoporous nano-sized zeolite beta.

Abstract: Methods for synthesizing a mesoporous nano-sized ultra-stable Y zeolite include adding sodium aluminate and colloidal silica to an aqueous NaOH solution and mixing to form a hydrogel having a molar ratio composition of 8 to 12 Na2O:Al2O3:14 SiO2:200 to 400 H2O. The method further includes heating the hydrogel to an autoclave to form a zeolite precursor which is filtered and washed to form a nano-sized Y zeolite. Further the method includes combining the nano-sized Y zeolite with water to form a nano-sized Y zeolite slurry mixture and then adding a 0.1 to 2.0 M aqueous solution of ammonium hexafluorosilicate to form a dealuminated solution. Finally the method includes filtering and washing the dealuminated solution with water to form an ultra-stable Y zeolite precursor, drying the ultra-stable Y zeolite precursor, and calcining the dried zeolite precursor to form the nano-sized ultra-stable Y zeolite.

Abstract: A system for upgrading heavy hydrocarbon feeds, such as crude oil, include a hydrotreating unit, a hydrotreated effluent separation system, a solvent-assisted adsorption system, and a hydrocracking unit. Processes for upgrading heavy hydrocarbon feeds include hydrotreating the hydrocarbon feed to produce a hydrotreated effluent that includes asphaltenes, separating the hydrotreated effluent into a lesser boiling hydrotreated effluent and a greater boiling hydrotreated effluent comprising the asphaltenes, combining the greater boiling hydrotreated effluent with a light paraffin solvent to produce a combined stream, adsorbing the asphaltenes from the combined stream to produce an adsorption effluent, and hydrocracking the lesser boiling hydrotreated effluent and at least a portion of the adsorption effluent to produce a hydrocracked effluent with hydrocarbons boiling less than 180° C. The systems and processes increase the hydrocarbon conversion and yield of hydrocarbons boiling less than 180° C.