Abstract: A guardrail terminal having a number of vertical supporting members fix into the ground one after the other along the edge of the road. The guardrail terminal, in certain embodiments, has a curved or straight first transverse horizontal retaining member fixed to the vertical supporting members at a given height off the ground, and curves in the horizontal plane so as to extend gradually away from the edge of the road. The guardrail terminal further may include a curled second transverse horizontal retaining member, which projects from the terminal end of the first transverse horizontal retaining member, curves back in the horizontal plane towards the first transverse horizontal retaining member, and is fixed by its own terminal end to the start end or to an intermediate portion of the first transverse horizontal retaining member, so as to form, together with the first transverse horizontal retaining member, a substantially tear-shaped collapsible annular member.

Abstract: A front impact damper having a vertical supporting member secured firmly to the ground, and a number of deformable tubular members fitted vertically inside one another and fixed to the vertical supporting member at a given height off the ground; the deformable tubular members each being defined by a portion of W- or triple-groove-section corrugated sheet metal bent appropriately to form a cylindrical tubular body with a corrugated lateral wall.

Abstract: A guardrail terminal having a number of vertical supporting members fixed into the ground one after the other along the edge of the road; a curved or straight first transverse horizontal retaining member fixed to the vertical supporting members at a given height off the ground, and curving in the horizontal plane so as to extend gradually away from the edge of the road, as of the end of the guardrail; and a curled second transverse horizontal retaining member, which projects from the terminal end of the first transverse horizontal retaining member, curves back in the horizontal plane towards the first transverse horizontal retaining member, and is fixed by its own terminal end to the start end or to an intermediate portion of the first transverse horizontal retaining member, so as to form, together with the first transverse horizontal retaining member, a substantially tear-shaped collapsible annular member.

Abstract: The metallic guardrail barrier comprises a sustaining post and a spacing member extending parallel to the ground, secured at one side to the sustaining post and carrying at the other side of the rail. The spacing member includes a window presenting a quadrilateral shape with four sides defining as many vertexes. The spacing member is made of metallic material which is plasticizable under impelling loads, and one or more holes are provided on the spacing member in proximity of the vertexes of the quadrilateral window. Upon impact by a colliding vehicle, the spacing member is deformed in a controlled manner due to the fact that the quadrilateral window tends to collapse as an articulated quadrilateral.

Abstract: A metallic guardrail barrier of the type comprising a sustaining post (1), a spacing member (2) extending parallel to the ground, secured at one side to the said sustaining post and carrying at the other side the rail (N), said spacing member being in the form of a substantially flat vertical plate (102) presenting a front portion (502) and a rear portion, in which the said spacing member (2) is connected to said sustaining post (1) by its rear portion so as to be swingable about a fulcrum (7) under the control of a shock absorbing means including a weakened region (9) on said rear portion of the spacing member at a location above and spaced from said fulcrum (7) and a pin (8) which connects said spacing member (2) and said sustaining post (1), and passes through said weakened portion (9), such that said pin (8) causes a tearing of said weakened region (9) when said rail (N) is impacted by a vehicle and said spacing member ( 2) moves about said fulcrum (7).

Abstract: A metallic guardrail barrier comprises a sustaining post, a spacing member extending parallel to the ground, secured at one side to the sustaining post and carrying at the other side a supporting member to which the rail is secured. The rail supporting member is mounted on the spacing element so as to be swingable about a fulcrum parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail and located at a level not coinciding with the level of the centerline of the rail. Shock absorbing mechanisms are provided to dampen the swinging movement of the supporting member around the fulcrum, following the impact of a vehicle against the rail, in a manner which is proportional to the intensity of the impact.