Abstract: Generating, updating, and using a knowledge graph. Concepts in a knowledge graph can have relations to one another. These relations may be expressed as confidence values. A training data set may be split into two portions, with the first portion used to update confidence values for existing relations between concept pairs, using the knowledge graph. These confidence values can be used, together with the second portion used to update confidence values for known phrases that express known relations. These confidence values, in turn, can be used, together with the first portion, to increase the accuracy of the original confidence scores with respect to existing relations. The process may be iteratively employed, with each iteration increasing the accuracy of confidence scores.

Abstract: Generating, updating, and using a knowledge graph. Concepts in a knowledge graph can have relations to one another. These relations may be expressed as confidence values. A training data set may be split into two portions, with the first portion used to update confidence values for existing relations between concept pairs, using the knowledge graph. These confidence values can be used, together with the second portion used to update confidence values for known phrases that express known relations. These confidence values, in turn, can be used, together with the first portion, to increase the accuracy of the original confidence scores with respect to existing relations. The process may be iteratively employed, with each iteration increasing the accuracy of confidence scores.

Abstract: According to an aspect, automatically linking text to concepts in a knowledge base using differential analysis includes receiving a text string and selecting, based on contents of the text string, a plurality of data sources that correspond to concepts in the knowledge base. In a further aspect, automatically linking the text to the concepts includes calculating, for each of the selected data sources, a probability that the text string is output by a language model built using the selected data source, calculating a probability that the text string is output by a generic language model, calculating link confidence scores for each concept based on a differential analysis of the probabilities, and creating a link from the text string to one of the concepts in the knowledge base. The creating is based on a link confidence score of the concept being more than a threshold value away from a prescribed threshold.

Abstract: According to an aspect, automatically linking text to concepts in a knowledge base using differential analysis includes receiving a text string and selecting, based on contents of the text string, a plurality of data sources that correspond to concepts in the knowledge base. In a further aspect, automatically linking the text to the concepts includes calculating, for each of the selected data sources, a probability that the text string is output by a language model built using the selected data source, calculating a probability that the text string is output by a generic language model, calculating link confidence scores for each concept based on a differential analysis of the probabilities, and creating a link from the text string to one of the concepts in the knowledge base. The creating is based on a link confidence score of the concept being more than a threshold value away from a prescribed threshold.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system are provided for resolving conflicts between training data conflicts by retrieving independent training data sets, each comprising a plurality of intents and end-user utterances for use in training one or more classifiers to recognize a corresponding intent from one or more of the end-user utterances, providing a first test end-user utterance associated with a first intent from the first independent training data set to the one or more classifiers to select an output intent generated by the one or more classifiers; identifying a first conflict when the first intent does not match the output intent, and automatically generating, by the system, one or more conflict resolution recommendations for display and selection by an end user to resolve the first conflict.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus are provided for resolving conflicts between training data conflicts by retrieving independent training data sets, each comprising a plurality of intents and end-user utterances for use in training one or more classifiers to recognize a corresponding intent from one or more of the end-user utterances, providing a first test end-user utterance associated with a first intent from the first independent training data set to the one or more classifiers to select an output intent generated by the one or more classifiers; identifying a first conflict when the first intent does not match the output intent, and automatically generating, by the system, one or more conflict resolution recommendations for display and selection by an end user to resolve the first conflict.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for automatically generating and processing first and second concept vector sets extracted, respectively, from a first set of concept sequences and from a second, temporally separated, concept sequences by performing a natural language processing (NLP) analysis of the first concept vector set and second concept vector set to detect changes in the corpus over time by identifying changes for one or more concepts included in the first and/or second set of concept sequences.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for automatically generating and processing first and second concept vector sets extracted, respectively, from a first set of concept sequences and from a second, temporally separated, concept sequences by performing a natural language processing (NLP) analysis of the first concept vector set and second concept vector set to detect changes in the corpus over time by identifying changes for one or more concepts included in the first and/or second set of concept sequences.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for automatically generating and processing first and second concept vector sets extracted, respectively, from a first set of concept sequences and from a second, temporally separated, concept sequences by performing a natural language processing (NLP) analysis of the first concept vector set and second concept vector set to detect changes in the corpus over time by identifying changes for one or more concepts included in the first and/or second set of concept sequences.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to avoiding out-of-space conditions in storage controllers operating with efficiency capabilities between virtual space in a data container and real space in a storage container. Both the real space and the virtual space are monitored. The real space usage is compared to a threshold to provide information about occupancy of the real space. A virtual size of the virtual object is adjusted responsive to the real space usage meeting or exceeding the threshold.

Abstract: A time of day (TOD) synchronization mechanism in a first processor transmits a latency measure message simultaneously on two links to a second processor. In response, the receiver in the second processor detects latency differential between the two links, detects the delay in the second processor, and sends the latency differential and delay to the first processor on one of the two links. The first processor stores TOD delay values in the two links that account for the latency differential between the two links. When a TOD message needs to be sent, a link loads a counter with its stored TOD delay value, then decrements the counter until the TOD message is ready to be sent. The resulting counter value is the receiver delay value, which is transmitted to the receiver as data in the TOD message, thereby reducing TOD jitter between the two links.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure a method and technique for managing data transfer includes receiving and storing a plurality of different data patterns anticipated to be encountered by a processor unit of a data processing system corresponding to a particular application being processed. Responsive to receiving a read request for data, the requested data is read from a memory subsystem, and the read data is compared by the memory subsystem to the stored data patterns. Responsive to determining that the read data matches at least one of the stored data patterns, the memory subsystem replaces the matching read data with a pattern tag corresponding to the matching data pattern. The pattern tag is transmitted to the processor unit instead of the requested data as a response to the read request, and the processor unit replaces the pattern tag with the corresponding data pattern.

Abstract: According to one aspect of the present disclosure a method and technique for managing data transfer is disclosed. The method includes comparing, by a processor unit of a data processing system, data to be written to a memory subsystem to a stored data pattern and, responsive to determining that the data matches the stored data pattern, replacing the matching data with a pattern tag corresponding to the matching data pattern. The method also includes transmitting the pattern tag to the memory subsystem.

Abstract: Error checking and correcting (ECC) may be performed in an on-chip memory where an error is corrected by a controller and not the on-chip memory. The controller may be flagged to show that an error has occurred and where it has occurred in the memory. The controller may access ECC bits associated with the error and may fix incorrect data. The error checking may be done in parallel with read operations of the memory so as to lower latency.

Abstract: According to an aspect, conceptual analysis of a document includes accessing a concept graph that includes a plurality of nodes and edges. Each node represents a concept and each edge represents a known relation between two concepts. Conceptual analysis of the document further includes computing a relevance of the document to concepts in the concept graph. The computing includes receiving a priori information about the document including concepts extracted from the document. The concepts extracted from the document include a subset of the concepts in the concept graph. The computing also includes combining the a priori information and the concept graph to generate a posteriori information that indicates a likelihood that the document is related to each of the concepts in the concept graph.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for automatically generating and processing first and second concept vector sets extracted, respectively, from a first set of concept sequences and from a second, temporally separated, concept sequences by performing a natural language processing (NLP) analysis of the first concept vector set and second concept vector set to detect changes in the corpus over time by identifying changes for one or more concepts included in the first and/or second set of concept sequences.

Abstract: Embodiments relate to avoiding out-of-space conditions in storage controllers operating with efficiency capabilities between virtual space in a data container and real space in a storage container. Both the real space and the virtual space are monitored. The real space usage is compared to a threshold to provide information about occupancy of the real space. A virtual size of the virtual object is adjusted responsive to the real space usage meeting or exceeding the threshold.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relates to avoiding out-of-space conditions in storage controllers operating with efficiency capabilities between virtual space in a data container and real space in a storage container. Both the real space and the virtual space are monitored and their respective usage is compared to provide information about occupancy of the real space to the virtual space. Usage of the containers is balanced by employing a virtual file associated with a reserved portion of free capacity in the virtual space.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for automatically generating and processing first and second concept vector sets extracted, respectively, from a first set of concept sequences and from a second, temporally separated, concept sequences by performing a natural language processing (NLP) analysis of the first concept vector set and second concept vector set to detect changes in the corpus over time by identifying changes for one or more concepts included in the first and/or second set of concept sequences.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for automatically generating and processing first and second concept vector sets extracted, respectively, from a first set of concept sequences and from a second, temporally separated, concept sequences by performing a natural language processing (NLP) analysis of the first concept vector set and second concept vector set to detect changes in the corpus over time by identifying changes for one or more concepts included in the first and/or second set of concept sequences.