Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the conversion of plant oils, animal fats, waste food oils and carboxylic acids into renewable liquid fuels, such as bio-naphtha, bioQAV and renewable diesel, for use in combination with fossil fuels. The process is composed of two steps: hydrotreatment and hydrocracking. The effluent from the hydrotreatment step contains aromatics, olefins and compounds resulting from the polymerization of esters and acids. This is due to the use of partially reduced catalysts without the injection of a sulfiding agent and allows for the production of bioQAV of suitable quality for use in combination with fossil kerosene. Concurrently, the process generates, in addition to products in the distillation range of naphtha, kerosene and diesel, high molecular weight linear paraffins (up to 40 carbon atoms).

Abstract: A reduced foam or reduced foam and water petroleum composition includes crude oil and a preformed antifoam emulsion. The antifoam emulsion includes a hydrophilic continuous phase and a polyorganosiloxane dispersed in the hydrophilic continuous phase. The hydrophilic continuous phase may also contain a demulsifier. The antifoam emulsion includes less than 50 weight percent of a hydrophobic solvent. A method of reducing foam or foam and water in crude oil disposed in a tank is also described.

Abstract: A technique provides a system and methodology for detecting and monitoring erosion in various environments, including downhole environments. A tracer element is located in a component such that sufficient erosion of the component due to fluid flow exposes the tracer element. A monitoring system is disposed for cooperation with the tracer element such that exposure of the tracer element is detected by the monitoring system. The monitoring system outputs appropriate data indicative of the erosion to enable adjustments to the fluid flow.

Abstract: A reduced foam or reduced foam and water petroleum composition includes crude oil and a preformed antifoam emulsion. The antifoam emulsion includes a hydrophilic continuous phase and a polyorganosiloxane dispersed in the hydrophilic continuous phase. The hydrophilic continuous phase may also contain a demulsifier. The antifoam emulsion includes less than 50 weight percent of a hydrophobic solvent. A method of reducing foam or foam and water in crude oil disposed in a tank is also described.

Abstract: A gathering, manipulating and analyzing tool for reviewing, displaying and creating reports on composite documents, wherein a composite document is made up of multiple component documents. The present method allows for entry and editing of metadata associated with component documents of the composite document. This allows for more highly refined classifying and bookmarking, which leads to more highly refined searching and displaying abilities. A graphical user interface is provided that allows a user to easily designate multiple sections of the composite document and enter and edit the data and metadata associated with the composite document.

Abstract: A tool for navigating composite documents composed of multiple component documents. The tool allows a user to enter a composite document identification number, and thereafter have access to each component document within the composite document. The user can view, compare and display comparisons of the component documents, including versions of component documents. A graphical user interface is provided that prompts the user for required information and provides the user with many useful views for analyzing the component documents. In an embodiment, the composite document is the file history for a patent and the component documents are amendments, including application claims, and other papers found in a file history, such as the patent application, as originally filed, and the resulting patent. One feature of the tool allows the user to select a claim and have all versions of the claim displayed for easy review and analysis.

Abstract: A technique provides a system and methodology for detecting and monitoring erosion in various environments, including downhole environments. A tracer element is located in a component such that sufficient erosion of the component due to fluid flow exposes the tracer element. A monitoring system is disposed for cooperation with the tracer element such that exposure of the tracer element is detected by the monitoring system. The monitoring system outputs appropriate data indicative of the erosion to enable adjustments to the fluid flow.

Abstract: An oxidation hair dyeing agent composition provides a color tone for dyed hair which is not easily affected by repeated washing with cold and hot water containing shampoo and soap, and it has superior wash resistance. The oxidation hair dyeing agent composition is characterized as containing a cyclic silicone and a silicone elastomer. As a two-component type oxidation hair dyeing agent composition, it contains as the first component a mixture of an oxidation dye precursor, a cyclic silicone, a silicone elastomer, an emulsifying agent, and water. The mixture is emulsified in water using the emulsifying agent. The second component of the composition is an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.

Abstract: An oxidation hair dyeing agent composition provides a color tone for dyed hair which is not easily affected by repeated washing with cold and hot water containing shampoo and soap, and it has superior wash resistance. The oxidation hair dyeing agent composition is characterized as containing a cyclic silicone and a silicone elastomer. As a two-component type oxidation hair dyeing agent composition, it contains as the first component a mixture of an oxidation dye precursor, a cyclic silicone, a silicone elastomer, an emulsifying agent, and water. The mixture is emulsified in water using the emulsifying agent. The second component of the composition is an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution.