Abstract: An antifogging member has an concave-convex surface defined by convex portions and concave portions, a Fourier-transformed image obtained by applying two-dimensional fast-Fourier transform processing to an observation image of the concave-convex surface exhibits a circular or annular pattern having an origin for which the absolute value of the wave number is 0 ?m?1 as the substantial center thereof, the convex portions and the concave portions extend in random directions in plan view, the average pitch of the concave portions and convex portions of the concave-convex surface is in the range of 50-250 nm, and the water contact angle on a smooth surface formed from the material constituting the concave-convex surface is 90 degrees or less. The antifogging member has high abrasion resistance, minimal haze, and a small difference in chromaticity and transmittance when viewed from oblique and perpendicular directions, and the transmittance and chromaticity thereof are not azimuth dependent.

Abstract: An antifogging member has an concave-convex surface defined by convex portions and concave portions, a Fourier-transformed image obtained by applying two-dimensional fast-Fourier transform processing to an observation image of the concave-convex surface exhibits a circular or annular pattern having an origin for which the absolute value of the wave number is 0 ?m?1 as the substantial center thereof, the convex portions and the concave portions extend in random directions in plan view, the average pitch of the concave portions and convex portions of the concave-convex surface is in the range of 50-250 nm, and the water contact angle on a smooth surface formed from the material constituting the concave-convex surface is 90 degrees or less. The antifogging member has high abrasion resistance, minimal haze, and a small difference in chromaticity and transmittance when viewed from oblique and perpendicular directions, and the transmittance and chromaticity thereof are not azimuth dependent.

Abstract: There are provided a fine concave-convex structure substrate which is hydrophobic and excellent in heat resistance, a solution used for producing the concave-convex structure substrate, and a method for producing the concave-convex structure substrate. The concave-convex structure substrate having the concave-convex structure includes a concave-convex structure layer made of a sol-gel material, and a contact angle of water on the sol-gel material in a flat and smooth film shape is not less than 80°. The concave-convex structure substrate according to the present invention has a hydrophobic surface, and thus, in the element in which the concave-convex structure substrate is incorporated, moisture adsorption onto the surface of the concave-convex structure substrate can be prevented, thereby making it possible to lengthen a service life of the element.

Abstract: Provided are microalgae of the genus Euglena that fall under Euglena gracilis strain EOD-1 (Accession No. FERM BP-11530) or its mutant strain and that are capable of producing at least polysaccharides. Further provided is a method for producing polysaccharides including: culturing microalgae of the genus Euglena that fall under Euglena gracilis strain EOD-1 (Accession No. FERM BP-11530) or its mutant strain and that are capable of producing at least polysaccharides as polysaccharide-producing organisms to produce the polysaccharides. Further provided is a method for producing an organic compound including: culturing microalgae of the genus Euglena that fall under Euglena gracilis strain EOD-1 (Accession No. FERM BP-11530) or its mutant strain and that are capable of producing at least polysaccharides to produce at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, lipids, vitamin C, vitamin E, pigments, and proteins.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a member with a concave-convex pattern includes: forming a first film on a concave-convex pattern formed on a surface of a mold; forming a second film on a base member; joining the first film and the second film by overlapping the mold with the base member; and releasing the mold from the first film joined to the second film. A method for manufacturing a functional member with a concave-convex pattern is provided.

Abstract: An epitaxial growth substrate includes a base member, and a concave-convex pattern having a plurality of concavities and a plurality of convexities and formed on the base member, wherein: each of the plurality of convexities has an elongated shape which extends while winding (waving) in a plane view; and the plurality of convexities in the concave-convex pattern have extending directions, bending directions and lengths which are non-uniform among the plurality of convexities. There are provided an epitaxial growth substrate which can be produced efficiently and which is capable of improving the light-emitting efficiency of a light-emitting element; and a light-emitting element using the epitaxial growth substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical substrate includes: a step of preparing a long film-shaped mold having a concave-convex pattern surface having a concave-convex pattern; a step of forming a coating film made of a sol-gel material on the concave-convex pattern surface of the film-shaped mold; a step of adhering the coating film, which is formed on the concave-convex pattern surface of the film-shaped mold, to a substrate by arranging the concave-convex pattern surface of the film-shaped mold on which the coating film made of the sol-gel material is formed to face the substrate and by pressing a pressing roll against a surface of the film-shaped mold on a side opposite to the concave-convex pattern surface; a step of releasing the film-shaped mold from the coating film; and a step of curing the coating film adhered to the substrate.

Abstract: A method for producing a mold includes: applying a block copolymer solution made of first and second polymers on a base member; performing a first annealing process at a temperature higher than Tg of the block copolymer after drying the coating film; forming a concavity and convexity structure on the base member by removing the second polymer by an etching process; performing a second annealing process of the concavity and convexity structure at a temperature higher than Tg of the first polymer; forming a seed layer on the structure; laminating or stacking a metal layer on the seed layer by an electroforming; and peeling off the metal layer from the base member. The second annealing process enables satisfactory transfer of a concavity and convexity structure on the base member onto the metal layer.

Abstract: Provided are microalgae of the genus Euglena that fall under Euglena gracilis strain EOD-1 (Accession No. FERM BP-11530) or its mutant strain and that are capable of producing at least polysaccharides. Further provided is a method for producing polysaccharides including: culturing microalgae of the genus Euglena that fall under Euglena gracilis strain EOD-1 (Accession No. FERM BP-11530) or its mutant strain and that are capable of producing at least polysaccharides as polysaccharide-producing organisms to produce the polysaccharides. Further provided is a method for producing an organic compound including: culturing microalgae of the genus Euglena that fall under Euglena gracilis strain EOD-1 (Accession No. FERM BP-11530) or its mutant strain and that are capable of producing at least polysaccharides to produce at least one organic compound selected from the group consisting of polysaccharides, lipids, vitamin C, vitamin E, pigments, and proteins.

Abstract: A method for producing a mold includes: applying a block copolymer solution made of first and second polymers on a base member; performing a first annealing process at a temperature higher than Tg of the block copolymer after drying the coating film; forming a concavity and convexity structure on the base member by removing the second polymer by an etching process; performing a second annealing process of the concavity and convexity structure at a temperature higher than Tg of the first polymer; forming a seed layer on the structure; laminating or stacking a metal layer on the seed layer by an electroforming; and peeling off the metal layer from the base member. The second annealing process enables satisfactory transfer of a concavity and convexity structure on the base member onto the metal layer.

Abstract: There are provided a fine concave-convex structure substrate which is hydrophobic and excellent in heat resistance, a solution used for producing the concave-convex structure substrate, and a method for producing the concave-convex structure substrate. The concave-convex structure substrate having the concave-convex structure includes a concave-convex structure layer made of a sol-gel material, and a contact angle of water on the sol-gel material in a flat and smooth film shape is not less than 80°. The concave-convex structure substrate according to the present invention has a hydrophobic surface, and thus, in the element in which the concave-convex structure substrate is incorporated, moisture adsorption onto the surface of the concave-convex structure substrate can be prevented, thereby making it possible to lengthen a service life of the element.

Abstract: A method for producing a substrate having a concavity and convexity pattern includes: a step for applying a sol containing a silica precursor on a substrate to form a coating film; a step for drying the coating film; a pressing step for pressing a mold having a concavity and convexity pattern against the dried coating film with a pressing roll; a step for peeling off the mold from the coating film; and a step for baking the coating film to which the concavity and convexity pattern has been transferred. The coating film is dried in the drying step so that the ratio of weight of the coating film to dried weight of the coating film is in a range of 1.4 to 8.8, the dried weight being obtained by baking the coating film at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius. The coating film may be heated in the pressing step.

Abstract: A method for producing a member having a concave-convex structure includes: preparing a stamp for micro contact printing; preparing a concave-convex forming material; coating convexities of the stamp for micro contact printing with the concave-convex forming material; transferring the concave-convex forming material, which has been applied on the stamp for micro contact printing, onto a substrate; preparing a concave-convex coating material; coating the substrate with the concave-convex coating material; and curing the concave-convex forming material and the concave-convex coating material. The member having the concave-convex structure can be produced easily and efficiently.

Abstract: A roll apparatus includes a suction roll, a suction mechanism, and a gas-permeable member. The suction roll is rotatable and has an outer circumferential surface and an inside defined by the outer circumferential surface. The suction mechanism generates a suction force toward the inside from an outside of the suction roll. The gas-permeable member covers the outer circumferential surface of the suction roll. The gas-permeable member and the suction roll allow water vapor to be uniformly extracted from an object to be processed while the object to be processed is pressed by means of the gas-permeable member. The roll apparatus of the present invention is capable of producing a member having a concave-convex structure to be used for diffracting or scattering light at a high yield and high throughput.

Abstract: Provided is a method for culturing microalgae in a liquid at least containing a brewed beverage. Further provided is a method for using microalgae that enables efficient use of organic compounds stored by the microalgae cultured by the aforementioned culture method within their cells.

Abstract: A method for producing an optical substrate includes: a step of preparing a long film-shaped mold having a concave-convex pattern surface having a concave-convex pattern; a step of forming a coating film made of a sol-gel material on the concave-convex pattern surface of the film-shaped mold; a step of adhering the coating film, which is formed on the concave-convex pattern surface of the film-shaped mold, to a substrate by arranging the concave-convex pattern surface of the film-shaped mold on which the coating film made of the sol-gel material is formed to face the substrate and by pressing a pressing roll against a surface of the film-shaped mold on a side opposite to the concave-convex pattern surface; a step of releasing the film-shaped mold from the coating film; and a step of curing the coating film adhered to the substrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical substrate includes: a step for preparing a long film-shaped mold; a step for preparing a sol; a step for forming a coating film of the sol on a substrate; a step for drying the coating film; a step for pressing a pattern surface of the film-shaped mold against the dried coating film with a pressing roll while feeding the film-shaped mold to the pressing roll; a step for releasing the film-shaped mold from the coating film; and a step for baking the coating film to which the concave and convex pattern has been transferred.

Abstract: A method for producing a substrate having a concavity and convexity pattern includes: a step for applying a sol containing a silica precursor on a substrate to form a coating film; a step for drying the coating film; a pressing step for pressing a mold having a concavity and convexity pattern against the dried coating film with a pressing roll; a step for peeling off the mold from the coating film; and a step for baking the coating film to which the concavity and convexity pattern has been transferred. The coating film is dried in the drying step so that the ratio of weight of the coating film to dried weight of the coating film is in a range of 1.4 to 8.8, the dried weight being obtained by baking the coating film at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius. The coating film may be heated in the pressing step.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-temperature shape memory alloy, in which Hf, Zr, Ta, Nb, V, Mo, and W as a third element except Ni are added to TiPd to thereby improve high-temperature strength and exhibit large shape recovery in a high-temperature range of 200° C. to 500° C., and a method for producing the high-temperature shape memory alloy.

Abstract: A method for producing a mold includes: applying a block copolymer solution made of first and second polymers on a base member; performing a first annealing process at a temperature higher than Tg of the block copolymer after drying the coating film; forming a concavity and convexity structure on the base member by removing the second polymer by an etching process; performing a second annealing process of the concavity and convexity structure at a temperature higher than Tg of the first polymer; forming a seed layer on the structure; laminating or stacking a metal layer on the seed layer by an electroforming; and peeling off the metal layer from the base member. The second annealing process enables satisfactory transfer of a concavity and convexity structure on the base member onto the metal layer.