Abstract: A method for measuring a deflection amount of a columnar structure includes the following steps. The method includes placing a longitudinal direction of a columnar structure in a direction parallel to a ground to place the columnar structure on a support member that supports the columnar structure such that the columnar structure is rotatable around an axis in the longitudinal direction; determining that the columnar structure placed has stopped rotating under its own weight around the axis; and measuring, after the stop of the rotation is determined, measuring a distance in a vertical direction between a straight line connecting both ends in the longitudinal direction of the columnar structure and a curved line along a shape in the longitudinal direction of the columnar structure.

Abstract: A method for measuring a deflection amount of a columnar structure includes the following steps. The method includes placing a longitudinal direction of a columnar structure in a direction parallel to a ground to place the columnar structure on a support member that supports the columnar structure such that the columnar structure is rotatable around an axis in the longitudinal direction; determining that the columnar structure placed has stopped rotating under its own weight around the axis; and measuring, after the stop of the rotation is determined, measuring a distance in a vertical direction between a straight line connecting both ends in the longitudinal direction of the columnar structure and a curved line along a shape in the longitudinal direction of the columnar structure.

Abstract: An aromatic compound represented by the general formula Ar1X is reacted with a palladium compound and a phosphine derivative, in the presence of a first basic substance, thereby producing a palladium-complex compound represented by the general formula Ar1—PdL2X. This palladium-complex compound is reacted with a benzoic acid represented by the general formula Ar2—COOH, in the presence of a second basic substance, thereby producing another palladium-complex compound represented by the following general formula. The above palladium-complex compounds are useful as catalysts and can be produced easily by the above reactions. In the above general formulas, Ar1 is an aryl group; and X is a halogen that is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, trifluoromethanesulfonate group, an alkylsulfonate group having a carbon atom number of 1-4, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfonate group; each L is independently a phosphine ligand; and Ar2 is an aryl group.

Abstract: A terminal assembly is assembled to a first housing segment of a connector housing. A pair of insertion projections is integrally formed to an internal surface of the first housing segment. One of the insertion projections is fit into a gap between cut ends of terminals in the terminal assembly. The other one of the insertion projections is fit into another gap between cut ends of other terminals in the terminal assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte for an electrochemical device. This electrolyte includes a first compound that is an ionic metal complex represented by the general formula (1); and at least one compound selected from special second to fourth compounds, fifth to ninth compounds respectively represented by the general formulas Aa+(PF6−)a, Aa+(ClO4−)a, Aa+(BF4−)a, Aa+(AsF6−)a, and Aa+(SbF6−)a, and special tenth to twelfth compounds, The electrolyte is superior in cycle characteristics and shelf life as compared with conventional electrolytes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte for an electrochemical device. This electrolyte includes a first compound that is an ionic metal complex represented by the general formula (1). The electrolyte may further include at least one compound selected from second to sixth compounds respectively represented by the general formulas Aa+(PF6−)a, Aa+(ClO4−)a, Aa+(BF4−)a, Aa+(AsF6−)a, and Aa+(SbF6−)a, and special seventh to twelfth compounds. The electrolyte can be superior in heat resistance, hydrolysis resistance, cycle characteristics and shelf life as compared with conventional electrolytes.

Abstract: An aromatic compound represented by the general formula Ar1X is reacted with a palladium compound and a phosphine derivative, in the presence of a first basic substance, thereby producing a palladium-complex compound represented by the general formula Ar1—PdL2X. This palladium-complex compound is reacted with a benzoic acid represented by the general formula Ar2—COOH, in the presence of a second basic substance, thereby producing another palladium-complex compound represented by the following general formula. The above palladium-complex compounds are useful as catalysts and can be produced easily by the above reactions. In the above general formulas, Ar1 is an aryl group; and X is a halogen that is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, trifluoromethanesulfonate group, an alkylsulfonate group having a carbon atom number of 1-4, or a substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfonate group; each L is independently a phosphine ligand; and Ar2 is an aryl group.

Abstract: A terminal assembly is assembled to a first housing segment of a connector housing. A pair of insertion projections is integrally formed to an internal surface of the first housing segment. One of the insertion projections is fit into a gap between cut ends of terminals in the terminal assembly. The other one of the insertion projections is fit into another gap between cut ends of other terminals in the terminal assembly.

Abstract: An aromatic compound represented by the general formula Ar1X is reacted with a palladium compound and a phosphine derivative, in the presence of a first basic substance, thereby producing a palladium-complex compound represented by the general formula Ar1—PdL2X. This palladium-complex compound is reacted with a benzoic acid represented by the general formula Ar2—COOH, in the presence of a second basic substance, thereby producing another palladium-complex compound represented by the following general formula.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte for an electrochemical device. This electrolyte includes a first compound that is an ionic metal complex represented by the general formula (1). The electrolyte may further include at least one compound selected from second to sixth compounds respectively represented by the general formulas Aa+(PF6−)a, Aa+(ClO4−)a, Aa+(BF4−)a, Aa+(AsF6−)a, and Aa+(SbF6−)a, and special seventh to twelfth compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte for an electrochemical device.

Abstract: A method of producing benzamides represented by the following general formula (1): where R is trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyloxy group, halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine), nitro group, acetyl group, cyano group, alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; and n is 0 or an integer ranging from 1 to 3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a benzoic acid derivative represented by the general formula (1). The method includes the step of reacting an aromatic compound represented by the general formula (2), with carbon monoxide and a hydroxy compound (i.e., water or an alcohol), in the presence of (a) a metal compound containing a metal of 8, 9 and 10 groups of periodic table, (b) a first phosphine derivative represented by the general formula (R1)2P—Q—P(R1)2, and (c) a base, It is possible to easily and efficiently produce the benzoic acid derivative by the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene. This method includes the steps of (a) chlorinating a compound represented by the general formula (1) by chlorine, thereby to produce a trichloromethyltrifluoromethylbenzene; and (b) fluorinating the tricbloromethyltrifluoromethylbenzene by hydrogen fluoride, thereby to produce the bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene, ##STR1## where m is 1, 2 or 3. It is not necessary in the invention to handle solid in any reaction step.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for ultrasonic wave measurement wherein the time interval between like order echoes selected with respect to adjacent transmitted waves is controlled to be equal to an integral multiple of a period (t.sub.3) of a continuous oscillation wave. In addition, the time interval between like order echoes adjacent to each other that are selected with respect to the same transmitted wave is controlled to be equal to the period (t.sub.3) of the continuous oscillation wave. The period (t.sub.3) of the continuous oscillation wave that is obtainable under the above controlled state, is measured, and the result of the measurement is used as ultrasonic wave propagation time for obtaining the absolute sound velocity.

Abstract: The compression roll comprises a plurality of thin circular plates stacked in axial direction of the compression roll, these plates having a plurality of holes which is provided at a fixed spacing around the center of the plates and becomes continuous through holes which pass through stacked plates, and a plurality of grooves which is formed from the outer circumference to the holes and becomes microholes which extend from the circumferential surface to the through holes. The through holes are connected to the pressure guide on the side of the roll.