Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a propionic acid derivative with high productivity. The object can be achieved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1): wherein R1 is a halogen atom or the like, R2 and R3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or an organic group, X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, or a hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents, R6 is a hydrocarbon group optionally having one or more substituents; the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2): with a compound represented by formula (3): M(R1)n, wherein M is a cation, n is an integer corresponding to the valence of M, and a compound represented by formula (4): R6—X—H; and step B of separating, by filtration, the compound represented by formula (5): MFn from the mixture obtained by the above reaction.

Abstract: An optical device and a wearable image display device are provided with a light guiding plate, a plurality of half mirrors, and an incident angle adjustment member. The optical member that causes the video light to be incident as a virtual image on a person's eye and be displayed as a display image, and has a reflection characteristic that a part of the video light is reflected on a back surface thereof. The incident angle adjustment member is an optical member configured to adjust the incident angle of the video light according to the reflection characteristic of the half mirror to form video light that does not satisfy a total reflection condition in another part of the video light, to balance the brightness of the display image.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a ceramic sheet and a gas sensing element are disclosed. At least ceramic powder, a binder and a plasticizer are blended and mixed in slurry. The slurry is formed into unfired green sheets, on which paste is printed. Each of the unfired green sheets has porosity greater than 5%. In the manufacturing methods, the unfired green sheets are pressurized with a pressure of 10 MPa at a temperature above 60° C., after which the paste is printed on surfaces of the unfired green sheets. In the method of manufacturing the gas sensing element, a shielding layer, a porous diffusion resistance layer and the unfired green sheets for a sensing layer, a reference gas airspace forming layer and a heating layer are stacked to form a stacked ceramic body, whish is fired to obtain the gas sensing element.

Abstract: An ultrasonic test method for detecting a defective portion more precisely in a noncontact reflection way, and ultrasonic test instrument used for the method. An ultrasonic wave is transmitted from a transmitter (20 (21)) provided on one side of an object under test, and the reflected wave is received by a receiver (30 (31)) provided on the same side. The ultrasonic wave is transmitted/received through an air layer between the transmitter and the object (100) under test and between the receiver and the object (100). The relative positions of the transmitter (20), the receiver (30), and the object (100) are so determined that the air propagation time ta of the air path (RA) between the transmitter and the receiver is longer than the propagation time tb of the reflected wave in the reflection path (RB). The propagation of the ultrasonic wave through the solid body between the transmitter and the receiver is blocked.

Abstract: An ultrasonic test method for detecting a defective portion more precisely in a noncontact reflection way, and ultrasonic test instrument used for the method. An ultrasonic wave is transmitted from a transmitter (20 (21)) provided on one side of an object under test, and the reflected wave is received by a receiver (30 (31)) provided on the same side. The ultrasonic wave is transmitted/received through an air layer between the transmitter and the object (100) under test and between the receiver and the object (100). The relative positions of the transmitter (20), the receiver (30), and the object (100) are so determined that the air propagation time ta of the air path (RA) between the transmitter and the receiver is longer than the propagation time tb of the reflected wave in the reflection path (RB). The propagation of the ultrasonic wave through the solid body between the transmitter and the receiver is blocked.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a ceramic sheet and a gas sensing element are disclosed. At least ceramic powder, a binder and a plasticizer are blended and mixed in slurry. The slurry is formed into unfired green sheets, on which paste is printed. Each of the unfired green sheets has porosity greater than 5%. In the manufacturing methods, the unfired green sheets are pressurized with a pressure of 10 MPa at a temperature above 60° C., after which the paste is printed on surfaces of the unfired green sheets. In the method of manufacturing the gas sensing element, a shielding layer, a porous diffusion resistance layer and the unfired green sheets for a sensing layer, a reference gas airspace forming layer and a heating layer are stacked to form a stacked ceramic body, whish is fired to obtain the gas sensing element.

Abstract: A ceramic heater is provided which may be built in a gas sensor to heat a sensor element up to a desired activation temperature. The ceramic heater includes a pair of electrical conductors formed on a ceramic body. Each of the conductors is equipped with a terminal. Leads are joined to the terminals for supplying electrical power to the conductors. Joints between the leads and the terminals are covered hermetically by a seal, thereby minimizing corrosion thereof to avoid disconnections of the terminals from the leads. This improves the durability of the ceramic heater.

Abstract: In order to provide an engine oil supply apparatus including a second oil pump (12) which can draw in and discharge oil quickly regardless of whether or not a first oil pump (11) is driven and which does not need to be large, an engine oil supply apparatus (Y) includes a first oil pump (11) drawing oil through a first oil passage (21) from an oil holder (13) holding oil, a second oil pump (12) connected in series with the first oil pump (11) through a connection oil passage (26) and driven independently of the first oil pump (11), a first supply oil passage (23) for supplying oil to a first circulation section (41) from the first oil pump (11), and a second supply oil passage (24) for supplying oil to a second circulation section (42) from the second oil pump (12). In the engine oil supply apparatus (Y), a first oil reservoir (15) holds oil to be supplied to the second oil pump (12) and is provided independently of the oil holder (13) is provided.

Abstract: In order to provide an engine oil supply apparatus including a second oil pump (12) which can draw in and discharge oil quickly regardless of whether or not a first oil pump (11) is driven and which does not need to be large, an engine oil supply apparatus (Y) includes a first oil pump (11) drawing oil through a first oil passage (21) from an oil holder (13) holding oil, a second oil pump (12) connected in series with the first oil pump (11) through a connection oil passage (26) and driven independently of the first oil pump (11), a first supply oil passage (23) for supplying oil to a first circulation section (41) from the first oil pump (11), and a second supply oil passage (24) for supplying oil to a second circulation section (42) from the second oil pump (12). In the engine oil supply apparatus (Y), a first oil reservoir (15) holds oil to be supplied to the second oil pump (12) and is provided independently of the oil holder (13) is provided.

Abstract: A ceramic heater is provided which may be employed in a gas sensor. The ceramic heater includes a heating element disposed inside a ceramic body, a connector assembly, and a cover coating. The connector assembly consists of an external terminal, a connector terminal, and a metallic joint layer. The external terminal is affixed to an outer surface of the ceramic body in electrical connection with the heating element. The joint layer is formed on the external terminal to establish an electrical joint between the external terminal and the connector terminal. The cover coating is wrapped over a surface of the connector assembly and made of a metallic material containing a main component of one of Au, Pt, and Cr, thereby ensuring a corrosion resistance of the connector assembly.

Abstract: A lubrication apparatus includes a first pump of roots type for feeding oil into an oil tank and a second pump of external gear type for feeding the oil stored in the oil tank to a position where the oil is supplied. The first pump and the second pump are rotatably driven by a drive shaft which is commonly used for the first and second pumps.

Abstract: A ceramic heater is provided which may be built in a gas sensor to heat a sensor element up to a desired activation temperature. The ceramic heater includes a pair of electrical conductors formed on a ceramic body. Each of the conductors is equipped with a terminal. Leads are joined to the terminals for supplying electrical power to the conductors. Joints between the leads and the terminals are covered hermetically by a seal, thereby minimizing corrosion thereof to avoid disconnections of the terminals from the leads. This improves the durability of the ceramic heater.

Abstract: A ceramic heater is provided which may be employed in a gas sensor. The ceramic heater includes a heating element disposed inside a ceramic body, a connector assembly, and a cover coating. The connector assembly consists of an external terminal, a connector terminal, and a metallic joint layer. The external terminal is affixed to an outer surface of the ceramic body in electrical connection with the heating element. The joint layer is formed on the external terminal to establish an electrical joint between the external terminal and the connector terminal. The cover coating is wrapped over a surface of the connector assembly and made of a metallic material containing a main component of one of Au, Pt, and Cr, thereby ensuring a corrosion resistance of the connector assembly.

Abstract: To provide a nickel based brazing filler metal which does not contain at all boron (B) or phosphorus (P) that is likely to form a hard and brittle compound in the brazed layer, in which the liquidus is lowered below 1,100° C. by adding a small amount of silicon (Si) and is abundant in ductility, heat-resistance and corrosion resistance. This is attained by a nickel based brazing filler metal characterized by containing manganese (Mn) of 13 to 20% by wt. and silicon (Si) of 5 to 7% by wt. added as melting point depression elements and chrome (Cr) of 16 to 21% by wt. and the balance consisting of nickel (Ni) and the impurities.

Abstract: An improved structure of a mechanical seal for keeping a gas chamber and a reference gas chamber airtight in a sensor body. A sensor element is disposed within an insulator. A gap between the sensor element and the insulator is sealed hermetically by a glass sealing member. The glass sealing member has a coefficient of thermal expansion whose differences between itself and the sensor element and the insulator is within a range of ±3×10−6/° C. This provides a mechanical seal required to keep the reference gas chamber and the gas chamber in the gas sensor airtight in an environment such as an automotive exhaust system subjected to a great temperature change.

Abstract: An air side cover is attached to a proximal end of a housing so as to confine an aerial atmosphere therein. A measured gas side cover is attached to a distal end of the housing so as to confine a measured gas atmosphere therein. A glass sealing material airtightly seals a clearance between an inner surface of an insulator and an outer surface of a sensing element. A contact interface of the glass sealing material protrudes toward a proximal end of the gas sensor compared with at least an adjacent portion of the remainder of the glass sealing material. By melting and hardening a glass pellet, the sensing element is airtightly fixed in the insulator.

Abstract: An improved structure of a mechanical seal for keeping a gas chamber and a reference gas chamber airtight in a sensor body. A packing seal is disposed between a shoulder formed on an inner wall of a housing of the sensor body and a tapered surface of an insulation porcelain installed in the housing to define the gas chamber and the reference gas chamber hermetically. The packing ring is formed by a metal plate which has a thickness of 0.1 mm or more and a Vickers hardness of 200 or less and which is made of at least one of a nickel, a nickel alloy, a titanium, and a stainless steel.

Abstract: An air side cover is attached to a proximal end of a housing so as to confine an aerial atmosphere therein. A measured gas side cover is attached to a distal end of the housing so as to confine a measured gas atmosphere therein. A glass sealing material airtightly seals a clearance between an inner surface of an insulator and an outer surface of a sensing element. A contact interface of the glass sealing material protrudes toward a proximal end of the gas sensor compared with at least an adjacent portion of the remainder of the glass sealing material. By melting and hardening a glass pellet, the sensing element is airtightly fixed in the insulator.

Abstract: An air side cover is attached to a proximal end of a housing so as to confine an aerial atmosphere therein. A measured gas side cover is attached to a distal end of the housing so as to confine a measured gas atmosphere therein. A glass sealing material airtightly seals a clearance between an inner surface of an insulator and an outer surface of a sensing element. A contact interface of the glass sealing material protrudes toward a proximal end of the gas sensor compared with at least an adjacent portion of the remainder of the glass sealing material. By melting and hardening a glass pellet, the sensing element is airtightly fixed in the insulator.

Abstract: An improved structure of a mechanical seal for keeping a gas chamber and a reference gas chamber airtight in a sensor body. A sensor element is disposed within an insulator. A gap between the sensor element and the insulator is sealed hermetically by a glass sealing member. The glass sealing member has a coefficient of thermal expansion whose differences between itself and the sensor element and the insulator is within a range of ±3×10−6/° C. This provides a mechanical seal required to keep the reference gas chamber and the gas chamber in the gas sensor airtight in an environment such as an automotive exhaust system subjected to a great temperature change.