Abstract: A method of use of a toner for developing electrostatic images is disclosed which comprises a coloring agent, a styrene homopolymer or copolymer with a vinyl monomer or monomers, and polypropylene in an amount between about 0.02 and 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the styrene homopolymer or copolymer.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images is disclosed which comprises a coloring agent, a styrene homopolymer or copolymer with a vinyl monomer or monomers, and polypropylene in an amount between about 0.02 and 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the styrene homopolymer or copolymer.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images is disclosed which comprises a coloring agent, a styrene homopolymer or copolymer with a vinyl monomer or moners, and polypropylene in an amount between about 0.02 and 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the styrene homopolymer or copolymer.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images is disclosed which comprises a coloring agent, a styrene homopolymer or copolymer with a vinyl monomer or moners, and polypropylene in an amount between about 0.02 and 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the styrene homopolymer or copolymer.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images is disclosed which comprises a coloring agent, a styrene homopolymer or copolymer with a vinyl monomer or moners, and polypropylene in an amount between about 0.02 and 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the styrene homopolymer or copolymer.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images is disclosed which comprises a coloring agent, a styrene homopolymer or copolymer with a vinyl monomer or moners, and polypropylene in an amount between about 0.02 and 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the styrene homopolymer or copolymer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to toners for electrophotography wherein the main resin component comprises a lower molecular weight polymer and a higher molecular weight polymer each of which is different from the other wherein the higher molecular weight polymer has a glass transition point of at least 50.degree. C. and the lower molecular weight polymer has a glass transition point no higher than 65.degree. C. The above polymers comprise one or more polymers selected from styrene polymers, arcylic polymers, and styrene-acrylic copolymers. Generally, the lower molecular weight polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 50,000 or less and the higher molecular weight polymer has a weight average molecular weight of 80,000 or more.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images is disclosed which comprises a coloring agent, a styrene homopolymer or copolymer with a vinyl monomer or moners, and polypropylene having a number average molecular weight of about 3000 to 4000 in an amount between about 0.02 and 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the styrene homopolymer or copolymer.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic images is disclosed which comprises a coloring agent, a styrene homopolymer or copolymer with a vinyl monomer or moners, and polypropylene having a number average molecular weight of about 3000 to 4000 in an amount between about 0.02 and 40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the styrene homopolymer or copolymer.

Abstract: A charging method of an electrostatic image developer which makes it possible to electrically charge an insulating one-component developer or a two-component developer consisting of a toner and a carrier to a desired charged state and which comprises introducing the developer into a charging space between a pair of sheet-like charging members opposing each other in which space an alternating field is formed, and oscillating the developer by means of the alternating field for charging it. A developing method of a non-contact or contact system which develops the electrostatic image by use of the developer charged electrically by the above-mentioned charging method.

Abstract: A charging method of an electrostatic image developer which makes it possible to electrically charge an insulating one-component developer or a two-component developer consisting of a toner and a carrier to a desired charged state and which comprises introducing the developer into a charging space between a pair of sheet-like charging members opposing each other in which space an alternating field is formed, and oscillating the developer by means of the alternating field for charging it. A developing method of a non-contact or contact system which develops the electrostatic image by use of the developer charged electrically by the above-mentioned charging method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to toners for developing electrostatically charged images which are comprised of a polyester binder resin condensed from diols of the formula ##STR1## with a polyhydric carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof wherein the polyhydric carboxylic acid is a mixture of dihyridic carboxylic acid or its alkylesters and about 30 mole % to about 80 mole % of the total acid content of more hydric carboxylic acids or therein hydrids.

Abstract: A developing method for an electrostatic latent image comprises the steps of applying and retaining a layer of developer on a supporting sleeve, conveying the developer on the supporting sleeve to a development area, and regulating the quantity of the developer on the supporting sleeve by a developer regulating device before the developer is conveyed to the development area. The regulating step includes impressing a bias voltage so as to establish a field between the supporting sleeve and the regulating device in order to selectively retain developer on the supporting sleeve which has a desired polarity and quantity of charge for development. The developer regulating device may be a sleeve rotated in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the supporting sleeve, and has a bias voltage impressed thereon.

Abstract: Toner for developing electrostatically charged images comprising nuclear particles formed by polymerization, hydrophobic silica, and a resin, wherein said resin is coated on said nuclear particles and said silica is dispersed in said resin. A method for producing said toner is also disclosed, said method comprising polymerizing nuclear particles, dissolving a resin in a solvent, which asserts a lesser solvating action against said nuclear particles than against said resin, to form a solution, dispersing said hydrophobic silica in said solution, mixing said nuclear particles with said dispersion, and drying said mixture.

Abstract: An electrostatic image developing toner comprises a binder resin which contains at least 60% by weight of a styrene-butadiene copolymer. The copolymer contains a component A having a molecular weight of at least 100,000 in an amount of at least 20% by weight relative to the binder resin, and a component B having a molecular weight of at least 500,000 in the component A is not more than 15% by weight relative to the binder resin. The toner has adequate flowability and noncoagulation property and is capable of forming a superior visible image in a contact heat fixing system.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image wherein an oscillating electric field is formed between a developing member and an electrostatic latent image receptor in synchronism with the rotation of the developing member. A voltage having a waveform obtained by periodically superposing a pulse-like voltage is applied on the developing member.

Abstract: A pressure fixing method comprising passing a base carrying a toner image through a pair of rollers is disclosed. The toner contains a prepolymer and the rollers are loaded with a linear pressure of from 5 to 70 kg/cm.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cleaning toner from the surface of an electrostatic image holder wherein a film member comprising superposed insulating and conductive layers is positioned close to an electrostatic image holder so that the insulating layer of the film member faces the image holder. At least one of a d.c. voltage and an a.c. voltage is applied between the electrostatic image holder and the film member, the toner from the surface of the electrostatic image holder being removed and transferred onto the surface of the insulating layer of the film member. The toner from the surface of the insulating layer of the film member may be removed by a removing means. Also, an electrostatic charge eliminator is provided for eliminating the electrostatic charge from the surface of the insulating layer after removal of the toner therefrom.

Abstract: A developing means for an electrostatic latent image has, within a non-magnetic developer transport member, plural magnets arranged in series in a defined area between a develops layer thickness regulating member and a developing area opposite an image forming member so as to generate a magnetic flux distribution having a pair of homopolar peaks for eliminating a density uneveness of the developer layer on said transport member.

Abstract: An iron powder developer carrier for electrophotography having at least the outer surface thereof coated with iron oxide. The iron oxide has a particle size of 50 to 200.mu., an apparent density of 1.5 to 2.5 g/cm.sup.3 and a specific surface area of 0.01 to 0.3 m.sup.2 /g.A process for the preparation of iron powder developer carriers for electrophotography, which comprises the steps of subjecting a starting iron powder to a primary calcination treatment in an inert gas atmosphere without using a binder, pulverizing and classifying said calcination product to prepare an intermediate iron powder, reducing the intermediate iron powder in a reducing atmosphere and washing the intermediate iron powder, and subjecting the intermediate iron powder to an oxidizing calcination treatment.