Abstract: A ship monitoring system makes it easier to grasp a heading of another ship, and includes a first data generating part, a second data generating part, and processing circuitry. The first data generating part generates first ship data indicative of a position and a velocity of a first ship. The second data generating part generates second ship data indicative of a position and a velocity of a second ship. The processing circuitry calculates a risk value indicative of a risk of the first ship and the second ship colliding each other, for each point on an estimated course of the second ship, based on the first ship data and the second ship data, when assuming that the first ship changes the course and reaches the point. The processing circuitry displays a risk area indicative of a heading of the second ship at the point where the risk value is more than a threshold.

Abstract: A ship monitoring device includes processing circuitry that acquires first and second ship data indicative of a position and a velocity of a first ship and a second ship. It identifies, a first area of an estimated course of the second ship, where a risk of the first ship and the second ship colliding with each other becomes more than a given value, and a second area separated from the first area in a traveling direction of the second ship. It displays a first collision risk area including the first area, and a second collision risk area including the second area, and displays an end part of the first collision risk area on the second area side and an end part of the second collision risk area on the first area side so as to be discriminated from the remaining end parts.

Abstract: A ship monitoring system has a first data generator that generates first ship data indicative of a position and a velocity of a first ship. The second data generator generates second ship data indicative of a position and a velocity of a second ship. The processing circuitry specifies a risk range where a ship area occupied by the first ship or a watch area set around the first ship overlaps with a ship area occupied by the second ship or a watch area set around the second ship, among an estimated course of the second ship, based on a position of the first ship and a position of the second ship at each timing, that are estimated from the first ship data and the second ship data, when assuming that the first ship changes a course to an arbitrary direction and crosses the estimated course of the second ship.

Abstract: A fine surface profile meter includes an X-Y stage, supported by a leaf spring, for supporting a sample thereon, a piezoelectric actuator for two-dimensionally scanning the X-Y stage, a positioning table, disposed below the X-Y stage, for positioning the X-Y stage at an arbitrary position, an objective lens disposed above the X-Y stage, an observation optical system for allowing an operator to observe an enlarged sample image, a measurement optical system, an optical axis of which is aligned with an optical path of the objective lens through a beam splitter, the measurement optical system for emitting a laser beam onto the sample through the objective lens and to receive the laser beam reflected by the sample, a calculator circuit for calculating height information of the sample using an output from the measurement optical system and for obtaining a two-dimensional distribution of the height information, a cover for shielding the X-Y stage, the positioning means, the objective lens, the beam splitter, the obs

Abstract: In order to substantially reduce the time required for examination and to enable the structure of the microscope apparatus for examining a wafer to be made in a compact size, the apparatus comprises a wafer examination unit provided midway on the transportation course of the wafer transporting means for being able to move the wafer under examination independently of the direction of its transporation, and an objective disposed above the wafer examination unit for being able to move along the upper face of the wafer which is held at the position of examination and in a direction different from the direction of the transportation.

Abstract: A microscope wherein, in order that the observing position may be variable over a wide range of a sample to be observed without requiring a large objective, the objective optical system is so formed as to be movable in parallel with the sample surface and the light path length between the objective optical system and eyepiece optical system is made variable by moving the objective optical system.

Abstract: A field stop operating mechanism for microscopes to be used with a microscope, which is provided with an illumination system having its optical axis passing in the inside of the base of the microscope and arranged to direct the light from a light source toward a condenser lens by deflecting the optical axis by means of a reflecting mirror, the field stop operating mechanism comprising a field stop and window lens means respectively arranged in front and rear of the reflecting mirror, a rotating ring provided to the field stop and an operating ring arranged near the window lens means, the rotating ring and operating ring being connected to each other by means of bevel gears which mesh with each other.

Abstract: A turret condenser for microscopes comprising a turret, an aperture stop, a stop ring for opening and stopping down the aperture stop, a cam fixed to the turret, a lever means having one end in contact with the cam and the other end having a through hole formed therein, and a spring having one end fixed to the stop ring and the other end carrying a retaining piece fixed thereto, the spring passing through the through hole formed in the lever means, the turret condenser for microscopes being arranged so that the stop ring always keeps the stop fully opened by means of the force of the spring when the turret is in the position of phase contrast microscopy.

Abstract: An automobile electric system including an electrically operated device such as an air conditioning device which is controlled by a control switch and light devices such as head lights which are controlled by a light switch. The control switch is provided with an illuminating lamp which is adapted to indicate the switch positions and the location of the switch. A control circuit for the illuminating lamp is provided so that the lamp illuminates the control switch when the switch is actuated, with a sufficient brightness in day time to show that the switch is actuated, but with a moderate brightness in night time wherein the light switch is actuated. Further, in night time, the control switch is illuminated with a weak light when the control switch is not actuated only to indicate the location of the control switch.

Abstract: A micromanipulator comprises a miniature operating tool such as a needle, micro-pippet, micro-electrode or the like which is disposed on a movable member of a microscope, such as an illuminating condenser lens, which is movable in the direction of the optical axis of an objective lens.

Abstract: A liquid feeder comprises a liquid suction and delivery pump which withdraws a liquid such as a culture solution, buffer solution, enzyme solution or the like which is retained in a liquid storage container as refrigerated or at a reduced temperature and delivers it through a flexible tube for injection into a culture vessel located within an incubator. The tube is inserted into an inner pipe and is sealingly secured thereto. The inner pipe is detachably and hermetically mounted in an outer pipe which extends through and is secured to a wall forming an environment isolating layer of the incubator. An eccentric crankpin which is driven by a motor is connected through a link with another crankpin having a greater eccentricity, the latter crankpin being driven for rotation to cause a reciprocatory rotating motion of a driven shaft about its own axis through an angular extent of less than 180.degree..

Abstract: A liquid feeder comprises a motor which drives a cam causing a vertical motion of a drive shaft which is also angularly driven by a cam groove, the drive shaft being effective to cause a three dimensional motion of the discharge port of a single liquid supply tube for injection into a pair of vessels.

Abstract: An apparatus for liquid disposal and distribution in automatic culture system comprises a first turntable carrying a plurality of culture vessels disposed in an array on a common circle thereon, and a second turntable carrying a plurality of centrifuge tubes disposed in an array on a common circle thereof. The apparatus comprises a pipette holding arm which is disposed so that its free end is angularly movable between one of the culture vessels and one of the centrifuge tubes. The free end of the arm has attached thereto a tapered cylinder which detachably receives a pipette. A fixed displacement pump is connected with the cylinder, which is movable along the path of rotation, along which are disposed a pipette holder, a pipette remover and a liquid disposal pot. The apparatus also comprises a rotary and elevating mechanism associated with the arm.

Abstract: An apparatus for handling a centrifuge tube in an automatic culture system includes a centrifuge, above which is disposed a centrifuge tube carrying turntable which is intermittently driven through a given angular increment. Disposed at an equal spacing on and around the periphery of the turntable are centrifuge tube holder mechanisms each carrying a centrifuge tube holder.

Abstract: A pipette exchange apparatus for use in a system for automatically culturing a biotissue or a cell includes a pipette mounting device for mounting a dividing and injecting means, a pipette supply device and a pipette feeding device.

Abstract: A liquid feeder comprises a liquid suction and delivery pump which withdraws a liquid such as a culture solution, buffer solution, enzyme solution or the like which is retained in a liquid storage container as refrigerated or at a reduced temperature and delivers it through a flexible tube for injection into a culture vessel located within an incubator. The tube is inserted into an inner pipe and is sealingly secured thereto. The inner pipe is detachably and hermetically mounted in an outer pipe which extends through and is secured to a wall forming an environment isolating layer of the incubator. An eccentric crankpin which is driven by a motor is connected through a link with another crankpin having a greater eccentricity, the latter crankpin being driven for rotation to cause a reciprocatory rotating motion of a driven shaft about its own axis through an angular extent of less than 180.degree..

Abstract: An automatic culture apparatus includes an airtight casing, a culture vessel platform, a culture observation platform and a separation/distribution work platform disposed in layered configuration with suitable vertical spacings between them. A drive system for the apparatus comprises an opening formed centrally in each of the platforms; a culture vessel carrier for conveying a culture vessel to each of the platforms through the openings; a transfer arm for loading and unloading a culture vessel on or from the carrier and any one of the platforms; a first drive mechanism for operating the carrier and the transfer arm; and a second drive mechanism for driving any one of the platforms. The second drive mechanism is mounted hermetically in the casing.

Abstract: Tissues or cells of a living body, especially a human body, are automatically and successively cultivated in a nutrient solution filled culture container disposed in a gas-sealed culture box by detecting, within the culture box, a multiplication condition of the tissues or cells and culture conditions which are represented by temperature, humidity and gaseous atmosphere in the culture box and pH value of the nutrient solution, controlling the culture conditions and apparatus for subculture of the tissues or cells within the culture box in accordance with the information detected.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatically cultivating tissues or cells of a living body comprises a main body the inside of which is maintained in a predetermined atmosphere by an atmosphere control means. A container containing the tissues or cells and a nutrient solution is disposed in the main body and cultivated or multiplied tissues or cells in the container divided and fed for subculture into a plurality of empty cultivating containers disposed in the main body by an operating means which performs necessary operations for subculture. The atmosphere control means and the operating means are totally controlled by an apparatus control means.

Abstract: A base mount for a microscope includes means for carrying the electrical components of a microscope base mount for a dimmer. The mount is separable from the body of an associated microscope and is adapted to be fixedly attached thereto, thus facilitating the assembling and servicing of the electrical components.