Abstract: To maintain a uniform etching rate during cleaning of a responsive glass in a glass electrode, a responsive-glass cleaning liquid for a glass electrode 1 serves to clean a responsive glass 2 used in the glass electrode 1, is used with a hydrated-layer forming solution for forming a hydrated layer on the surface of the responsive glass 2, and contains ammonium hydrogen fluoride having a predetermined concentration, or a salt of a strong base containing hydrofluoric acid and a fluoride ion.

Abstract: The layered product of the present invention has a base, and a gas barrier layer stacked on the base. The gas barrier layer is formed of a composition that includes a hydrolyzed condensate of a compound (L) containing a hydrolyzable characteristic group, and a neutralized product of a polymer (P) containing at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of carboxyl group and carboxylic acid anhydride group. The compound (L) includes a compound (L1) and a compound (L2). The compound (L1) and the compound (L2) each contains a silicon atom to which the hydrolyzable characteristic group is bonded. The compound (L1) contains an organic group having amino group. The compound (L2) does not contain an organic group having amino group. At least part of the —COO— group in the at least one functional group contained in the polymer (P) is neutralized with a divalent or higher valent ion (E) of a metal element that has a higher electronegativity than calcium.

Abstract: A composite structure disclosed includes a base (X) and a layer (Y) stacked on the base (X). The layer (Y) includes a reaction product (R). The reaction product (R) is a reaction product formed by a reaction at least between a metal oxide (A) and a phosphorus compound (B). A peak for a binding energy of an oxygen-atom 1s orbital observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the layer (Y) is located at 532.0 eV or higher, and the peak has a half width of less than 2.0 eV.

Abstract: A composite structure disclosed includes a base (X) and a layer (Y). The layer (Y) includes a mixture of a metal oxide (A), a phosphorus compound (B), and a compound (La) (silicon compound). Examples of the phosphorus compound (B) and the compound (La) include a compound containing a site capable of reacting with the metal oxide (A). When the number of moles of metal atoms (M) derived from the metal oxide (A) is denoted by NM and the number of moles of Si atoms derived from the compound (La) is denoted by NSi, 0.01?NSi/NM?0.30 is satisfied. When the number of moles of phosphorus atoms derived from the phosphorus compound (B) is denoted by NP, 0.8?NM/NP?4.5 is satisfied.

Abstract: A lifter structure applied to an internal combustion engine and is actuated by a cam, includes a cylindrical lifter guide, a lifter body reciprocally moved in the guide while sliding on an inner circumferential surface of the guide, with drive of the cam, a pair of opposed walls continuous to an end of the lifter body, a pin extending through holes of the opposed walls and having two ends swaged onto outer surfaces of the opposed walls respectively, a roller disposed between the opposed walls, plural swaging side regions located at the same sides of the outer circumferential surface of the lifter body as the outer surfaces of the opposed walls, plural swaging side opposite regions located opposite the swaging side regions respectively, and plural escape recesses formed in the swaging side opposite regions so as to be spaced from the swaging side regions respectively.

Abstract: A reference electrode for improving a product life cycle without using a gelled hydrophobic ionic liquid having a prescribed hardness or viscosity and without having a large thickness so as to be difficult to manufacture is provided. The reference electrode is provided with a housing for accommodating an internal electrode, a filler for electrically connecting the internal electrode, and a sample liquid. The filler is formed having a layer between the internal electrode and an opening formed in the housing for contacting the sample liquid and the filler. The filler includes a first layer including a water soluble electrolytic solution formed to be in contact with the internal electrode a second layer including a hydrophobic ionic liquid formed to be in contact with the first layer; and a third layer including a gelled hydrophobic ionic liquid formed in the opening so as to be in contact with the second layer.

Abstract: A vehicle engine includes: a cylinder head; a cam housing fixed to a top of the cylinder head; a cam cap fixed to a top of the cam housing; a camshaft that is rotatably supported between the cam housing and the cam cap; a cam provided around the camshaft; a rocker arm that is pushed by the cam; a supporting member that supports one end of the rocker arm from below; a cylindrical bore portion for mounting the supporting member; and a base portion for supporting a bottom surface of the supporting member. The bore portion is provided integrally with the cam housing. The base portion is provided integrally with the cylinder head.

Abstract: This invention provides a reference electrode that can be downsized and stable in voltage. The reference electrode in accordance with this invention is a reference electrode that does not require an internal aqueous solution such as a KCl aqueous solution and comprises a metal body, a slightly soluble salt film that comprises a slightly soluble salt of the metal body and that coats the metal body and a hydrophobic ionic liquid that is arranged to make contact with both the slightly soluble salt film and a sample to be measured.

Abstract: A reference electrode for improving a product life cycle without using a gelled hydrophobic ionic liquid having a prescribed hardness or viscosity and without having a large thickness so as to be difficult to manufacture is provided. The reference electrode is provided with a housing for accommodating an internal electrode, a filler for electrically connecting the internal electrode, and a sample liquid. The filler is formed having a layer between the internal electrode and an opening formed in the housing for contacting the sample liquid and the filler. The filler includes a first layer including a water soluble electrolytic solution formed to be in contact with the internal electrode a second layer including a hydrophobic ionic liquid formed to be in contact with the first layer; and a third layer including a gelled hydrophobic ionic liquid formed in the opening so as to be in contact with the second layer.

Abstract: A signal transmission device for transmitting a signal along a transmission path including a sinusoidal-signal transmitting unit configured to generate a sinusoidal signal that has a period the same as a period of a square-wave digital signal whose voltage level changes in correspondence with a logical value and that has a phase which differs based on change in the logical value of the square-wave digital signal, and configured to transmit the sinusoidal signal. The signal transmission device includes a sinusoidal-signal receiving unit configured to receive the sinusoidal signal, and configured to reproduce the square-wave digital signal from the sinusoidal signal based on change in the phase of the sinusoidal signal.

Abstract: The composite structural material of the present invention includes a base (X) and a layer (Y) stacked on the base (X). The layer (Y) includes a reaction product (R) of a metal oxide (A) and a phosphorus compound (B). In the infrared absorption spectrum of the layer (Y) in the range of 800 to 1400 cm?1, the wave number (n1) at which the infrared absorption reaches maximum is in the range of 1080 to 1130 cm?1.

Abstract: A radio communication system, preventing communication disconnection when a communication failure occurs in a base station, is provided. The radio communication system includes a common base station (BTS-C) communicable with each communication area of the plurality of BTS (FIG. 1A), in addition to a plurality of base stations (BTS) each located in each communication area. In place of a base station BTS which becomes a communication impossible state with a terminal in the communication area, the BTS-C communicates with the terminal MS in the communication area concerned.

Abstract: The layered product of the present invention has a base, and a gas barrier layer stacked on the base. The gas barrier layer is formed of a composition that includes a hydrolyzed condensate of a compound (L) containing a hydrolyzable characteristic group, and a neutralized product of a polymer (P) containing at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of carboxyl group and carboxylic acid anhydride group. The compound (L) includes a compound (L1) and a compound (L2). The compound (L1) and the compound (L2) each contains a silicon atom to which the hydrolyzable characteristic group is bonded. The compound (L1) contains an organic group having amino group. The compound (L2) does not contain an organic group having amino group. At least part of the —COO— group in the at least one functional group contained in the polymer (P) is neutralized with a divalent or higher valent ion (E) of a metal element that has a higher electronegativity than calcium.

Abstract: The formed product of the present invention is a formed product selected from the group consisting of a vertical form fill seal pouch, a container cover and a vacuum packaging pouch. The formed product is formed using a gas barrier layered product. The gas barrier layered product includes a base, and at least one layer with gas barrier properties that is stacked on the base. The layer is formed of a composition that includes a hydrolyzed condensate of a compound (L) and a neutralized product of a polymer (X) containing a carboxyl group or a carboxylic acid anhydride group. The compound (L) includes a compound (A) that contains M1 (Al, Ti or Zr) to which a hydrolyzable characteristic group is bonded and a compound (B) that contains Si to which a hydrolyzable characteristic group is bonded. At least part of —COO— group of the polymer (X) is neutralized with a metal ion having a valence of at least two. At least 80 mol % of the compound (B) is a compound expressed by a specific formula.

Abstract: Provided is a paper container having a window and being formed of a laminate that includes at least a paper layer and a gas barrier laminate, the paper layer having a cutout part for the window, the cutout part being covered with the gas barrier laminate, and the gas barrier laminate including a substrate and a gas barrier layer laminated on at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the gas barrier layer is formed of a composition containing a polymer having at least one functional group selected from a carboxyl group and a carboxylic anhydride group, and wherein —COO— groups contained in the at least one functional group are neutralized at least partly with a metal ion having a valence of two or more.

Abstract: The mobile station performs Fourier transform of a signal received from a base station presently in communication in parallel to demodulation processing, by means of a plurality of FFT each having FFT start timing shifted one after another, so as to detect the synchronous timing of another base station by detecting correlation through a pattern comparison with a subcarrier signal including the pilot signal of the other base station.

Abstract: Provided is a gas barrier layered product including a base material and a layer stacked on at least one surface of the base material, wherein the layer is formed of a composition including: a hydrolyzed and condensed product of at least one compound (L) containing a metal atom to which at least one characteristic group selected from a halogen atom and an alkoxy group has been bonded, wherein the compound (L) contains at least one compound (A) and at least one compound (B), wherein a mole ratio of the compound (A) / the compound (B) is in a range of 0.5/99.5 to 40/60; and a neutralized product of a polymer containing at least one functional group selected from a carboxyl group and a carboxylic anhydride group, wherein at least 55 mol % of a —COO— group contained in the at least one functional group has been neutralized with a metal ion having a valence of two or more. Also provided is a method for producing the gas barrier layered product.

Abstract: The formed product of the present invention is a formed product selected from the group consisting of a vertical form fill seal pouch, a container cover and a vacuum packaging pouch. The formed product is formed using a gas barrier layered product. The gas barrier layered product includes a base, and at least one layer with gas barrier properties that is stacked on the base. The layer is formed of a composition that includes a hydrolyzed condensate of a compound (L) and a neutralized product of a polymer (X) containing a carboxyl group or a carboxylic acid anhydride group. The compound (L) includes a compound (A) that contains M1 (Al, Ti or Zr) to which a hydrolyzable characteristic group is bonded and a compound (B) that contains Si to which a hydrolyzable characteristic group is bonded. At least part of —COO— group of the polymer (X) is neutralized with a metal ion having a valence of at least two. At least 80 mol % of the compound (B) is a compound expressed by a specific formula.

Abstract: A vehicle engine includes: a cylinder head; a cam housing fixed to a top of the cylinder head; a cam cap fixed to a top of the cam housing; a camshaft that is rotatably supported between the cam housing and the cam cap; a cam provided around the camshaft; a rocker arm that is pushed by the cam; a supporting member that supports one end of the rocker arm from below; a cylindrical bore portion for mounting the supporting member; and a base portion for supporting a bottom surface of the supporting member. The bore portion is provided integrally with the cam housing. The base portion is provided integrally with the cylinder head.

Abstract: A lifter structure applied to an internal combustion engine and is actuated by a cam, includes a cylindrical lifter guide, a lifter body reciprocally moved in the guide while sliding on an inner circumferential surface of the guide, with drive of the cam, a pair of opposed walls continuous to an end of the lifter body, a pin extending through holes of the opposed walls and having two ends swaged onto outer surfaces of the opposed walls respectively, a roller disposed between the opposed walls, plural swaging side regions located at the same sides of the outer circumferential surface of the lifter body as the outer surfaces of the opposed walls, plural swaging side opposite regions located opposite the swaging side regions respectively, and plural escape recesses formed in the swaging side opposite regions so as to be spaced from the swaging side regions respectively.