Abstract: Embodiments described herein provide for a healthcare ecosystem of computing devices participating as nodes of a distributed ledger (e.g., blockchain). The distributed ledger includes NFTs representing corresponding patients, where the initial NET behaves logically as a token scaffold that represents a “digital twin” of the particular patient. The initial patient token represents personal profile data of patient personal data for the patient. The nodes may generate new data and/or new sub-tokens (or other blockchain entry type) representing new data, which the nodes associate with the token scaffold. The sub-tokens contain data for representing physical or digital specimens, health data, and data derived from the health data (e.g., cell lines, organoids, other model systems).