Abstract: The invention teaches a method proposing two new indices for evaluating thermal evolution in oils from different basins and organofacies. The first index is based on the distribution ratio of high molecular weight sulfur compounds, belonging to the DBE 6 (benzothiophene) and DBE 9 (dibenzothiophene) series. The second index, called TEI, was created from the profile of aromatic hydrocarbons and molecules containing N, O and S. Both parameters were obtained from the direct characterization of the oils, by using the photoionization at atmospheric pressure (APPI) technique combined with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS).

Abstract: A wearable device to estimate an individual's maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) during exercise. The wearable device includes a processor and a memory. The processor is configured to receive heart-rate measurement data and exercise workload data for an individual of the wearable device. The memory stores instructions that cause the processor to obtain the heart-rate and exercise workload of the individual, normalize the heart-rate with respect to the individual's maximum heart-rate to provide a data pair of normalized heart-rate (HRn) and exercise workload (w), and apply a probabilistic model that relates HRn to w and maximum oxygen uptake to provide an estimate of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the individual.

Abstract: A biopsy needle has a cylindrical shell outer cannula and a stylet consisting of an inner stylet and outer stylet, both of which are inserted into the cylindrical cannula. The outer stylet has a series of strain relieved slits which provide bending over a deflection region in one direction, and the outer stylet is formed from a material such as a shape memory alloy (SMA) having a superelastic phase. The deflection is generated by an SMA wire spanning a deflection extent and attached to the outer stylet on either side of the deflection extent. The inner stylet, when positioned inside the outer stylet, has one or more actuation fibers which couple optical energy into the SMA wire, causing a deflection of the outer stylet over the deflection extent, with the optical energy provided to the actuation fibers for control of the deflection. Additional fibers may be placed in the inner stylet to measure temperature and to measure deflection.

Abstract: The application relates to beam management for a client device in a power saving state. When the client device is in the power saving state, the client device monitors serving beams of a network access node based on a serving beam configuration. The serving beam configuration indicated the serving beams to be monitored by the client device in the power saving state. If the client device detects a beam failure during the serving beam monitoring in the power saving state, the client device performs a beam reconfiguration procedure. The beam reconfiguration procedure informs the network access node about the change in serving beam status and allows the network access node to update the serving beam configuration.

Abstract: Device, method and computer program to make better use of measurements of received signals for determining location are provided. A client device is configured to receive a signal that contains a reference symbol modulated onto a plurality of subcarriers. The client device determines a plurality of weights based on the reference symbol and line-of-sight channel frequency responses for the subcarriers, so that each of the plurality of weights is associated with one of the subcarriers. The client device determines a gain associated with the received signal using the plurality of weights. A network device may receive from the client device information indicative of gains, wherein a gain indicates a signal strength at which the client device was able to receive a respective signal. The location of the client device may be determined by using information about network device locations, transmission directions, and the gains.

Abstract: A client device is configured to receive an indication of a first network SINR for a first data transmission from a network node, and to derive the first network SINR based on the indication of a first network SINR. The client device is further configured to estimate a SINR adjustment for a second data transmission from the network node, and to compute a SINR difference value between the first network SINR and the SINR adjustment. Furthermore, the client device is configured to transmit at least one first control message having an indication of the SINR adjustment to the network node if the SINR difference value is larger than a threshold value.

Abstract: A network node for a wireless communication system is configured to localize a user node in a first localization operation carried out at a first frequency; determine an accuracy value associated with the first localization operation; and adjust at least one beam parameter for radio beams to be used in a second localization operation based on the determined accuracy value, the second localization operation carried out at a second frequency that is greater than the first frequency. The network node is configured to determine the accuracy value associated with the first localization operation by tracking a rate of change of an angle of a radio beacon signal transmitted from the user node relative to the network node.

Abstract: The application relates to beam management for a client device in a power saving state. When the client device is in the power saving state, the client device monitors serving beams of a network access node based on a serving beam configuration. The serving beam configuration indicated the serving beams to be monitored by the client device in the power saving state. If the client device detects a beam failure during the serving beam monitoring in the power saving state, the client device performs a beam reconfiguration procedure. The beam reconfiguration procedure informs the network access node about the change in serving beam status and allows the network access node to update the serving beam configuration.

Abstract: A network node for a wireless communication system includes a processor and a transceiver. The processor is configured to generate a plurality of random access grant signals. The random access grant signals include at least one unoccupied radio network temporary identifier and a resource allocation for an uplink communication request. The plurality of random access grant signals are assigned to one or more downlink transmit beams and the transceiver is configured to periodically transmit the plurality of random access grant signals on the one or more downlink transmit beams using a same time-frequency resource.

Abstract: Device, method and computer program to make better use of measurements of received signals for determining location are provided. A client device is configured to receive a signal that contains a reference symbol modulated onto a plurality of subcarriers. The client device determines a plurality of weights based on the reference symbol and line-of-sight channel frequency responses for the subcarriers, so that each of the plurality of weights is associated with one of the subcarriers. The client device determines a gain associated with the received signal using the plurality of weights. A network device may receive from the client device information indicative of gains, wherein a gain indicates a signal strength at which the client device was able to receive a respective signal. The location of the client device may be determined by using information about network device locations, transmission directions, and the gains.

Abstract: An access node comprises a processor and a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to receive at least one uplink reference signal corresponding to at least one user node. The processor is configured to determine, based on the at least one uplink reference signal, an estimated position of the at least one user node relative to the access node and at least one directional parameter corresponding to the estimated position of the at least one user node relative to the position of the access node. The transceiver is configured to send at least one downlink control information to the at least one user node, the at least one downlink control information including the directional parameters.

Abstract: The embodiment of the present invention relates to a control entity (101, 201, 301, 401, 501) for connecting to at least a first access node (ANd1) and at least a second access node (ANd2, ANd3, ANd4). According to the instructions of the control entity, key interference information is shared between ANds or ANd clusters, a Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) value is calculated based on the key interference information by the ANds or ANd clusters which received the shared key interference information, and a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for each user is chosen based on the SINR by the ANds or ANd clusters.

Abstract: A biopsy needle has a cylindrical shell outer cannula and a stylet consisting of an inner stylet and outer stylet, both of which are inserted into the cylindrical cannula. The outer stylet has a series of strain relieved slits which provide bending over a deflection region in one direction, and the outer stylet is formed from a material such as a shape memory alloy (SMA) having a superelastic phase. The deflection is generated by an SMA wire spanning a deflection extent and attached to the outer stylet on either side of the deflection extent. The inner stylet, when positioned inside the outer stylet, has one or more actuation fibers which couple optical energy into the SMA wire, causing a deflection of the outer stylet over the deflection extent, with the optical energy provided to the actuation fibers for control of the deflection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a network node and a user device. The network node comprises a transceiver configured to receive a plurality of reference signals associated with a plurality of user devices; a processor configured to group the plurality of user devices into at least one group of user devices based on the plurality of received reference signals, assign radio resources for grant-free data transmission to the group of user devices, compute a receiver filter for the group of user devices based on the plurality of received reference signals and the assigned radio resources; wherein the transceiver is configured to receive a plurality of grant-free data transmissions from user devices in the group of user devices in the assigned radio resources, wherein the processor is configured to separate the grant-free data transmissions from the user devices in the group of user devices based on the computed receiver filter.

Abstract: An access node in a wireless communication system includes a transceiver configured to receive one or more uplink pilots associated with a user node via a radio link, and a processor configured to determine, based on the one or more uplink pilots, a location of the user node and whether the radio link is a line of sight radio link or a non-line of sight radio link. When the radio link is a line of sight radio link, the processor determines a position based precoding vector based on the location of the user node, and generates a precoded downlink control signal based on the determined position based precoding vector. The transceiver transmits the precoded downlink control signal to the user node.

Abstract: A client device is configured to receive an indication of a first network SINR for a first data transmission from a network node, and to derive the first network SINR based on the indication of a first network SINR. The client device is further configured to estimate a SINR adjustment for a second data transmission from the network node, and to compute a SINR difference value between the first network SINR and the SINR adjustment. Furthermore, the client device is configured to transmit at least one first control message having an indication of the SINR adjustment to the network node if the SINR difference value is larger than a threshold value.

Abstract: A network node for a wireless communication system is configured to localize a user node in a first localization operation carried out at a first frequency; determine an accuracy value associated with the first localization operation; and adjust at least one beam parameter for radio beams to be used in a second localization operation based on the determined accuracy value, the second localization operation carried out at a second frequency that is greater than the first frequency. The network node is configured to determine the accuracy value associated with the first localization operation by tracking a rate of change of an angle of a radio beacon signal transmitted from the user node relative to the network node.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention relates to a first communication device, a second communication device, and a control device. According to the embodiments of the present invention beacon signals are broadcasted by first communication devices in a wireless communication system. The broadcasted beacon signals are used for calculation of received power or pathloss by second communication devices. The calculated received power or pathloss is used for estimating interference in the wireless communication system by control devices. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention also relates to corresponding methods, a computer program, and a computer program product.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication device and an access node. The communication device comprises: a processor, and directional antennas; wherein the directional antennas are configured to receive a first signal S1 indicating a calibration request (CR) for an access node; wherein the processor is configured to generate directional beacon signals SDB in response to the calibration request (CR); wherein the directional antennas are further configured to transmit the directional beacon signals SDB towards the access node (300). The access node (300) comprises: a processor, and an antenna array; wherein the antenna array is configured to receive directional beacon signals SDB from at least one communication device; wherein the processor is configured to calibrate the antenna array based on the directional beacon signals SDB.

Abstract: A computing apparatus configured to communicate with nodes of a wireless communication system. The computing apparatus includes a processor configured to receive a radio link measurement corresponding to a user node. The processor determines a physical disturbance based on the radio link measurement and determines an at risk user node and a time at which the at risk user node is likely to experience a radio link disturbance, based on the physical disturbance. The processor then determines a connectivity adjustment for the at risk user node, and sends the determined connectivity adjustment to the wireless communication system.