Abstract: Method and apparatus for the detection of faults in industrial objects and signalling such faults to handling apparatuses. According to the invention, the image is taken of a sample object by a television camera or other sensing device; the image is digitized and stored in a frame memory. The digitized sample (standard) image is then divided into small areas, for each of which the square root of variance (standard deviation) for the luminance levels of dots belonging to each area is calculated and stored. The same operations and elaborations are followed for each object to be checked and the obtained values are compared with those of the sample. When the differences thereof are above predetermined thresholds, an output signal is generated for distinguishing the fault and generally the faulty object and for controlling a handling apparatus for the objects.

Abstract: Typical image parameters of the image of a person to be identified are determined as reproduced on or applied to the identification medium and stored in memory; then, the paper authenticity is checked in a suitable apparatus which redetermines the image parameters on the paper and compares such redetermined parameters with the previously stored ones, supplying a signal of positive or negative check at comparison completion. In addition, a code corresponding to the image is reproduced on or applied to the same identification medium and is also checked for authenticity and serves as a double check of the legitimate bearer of the medium.