Abstract: There is provided method and apparatus for enhancing focality of neurocranial electrostimulation, including: providing a first plurality of electrodes having at least one electrode; providing a second plurality of electrodes having at least two electrodes; locating the first and the second plurality of electrodes on cranium of a subject and supplying electric current of opposite polarities to the first and the second plurality of electrodes. At least one electrode of the first plurality of electrodes is surrounded by at least two electrodes of the second plurality of electrodes. The enhanced focal stimulation may be used to treat ailments or augment cognitive performance. There are also provided methods for treating brain related ailments and performance augmentation.

Abstract: A method to control tissue/device heating at implantable medical devices including neuroprosthetic devices. In a first embodiment, thermal conductivity of components of the implantable medical devices including the neuroprosthetic devices is increased. In a second embodiment, the implantable medical devices including the neuroprosthetic devices are cooled by using heat-sinks. In a third embodiment, portions of the implantable medical devices including the neuroprosthetic devices are replaced with specific thermal properties. In a fourth embodiment, the implantable medical devices including the neuroprosthetic devices are coated with a drug/material that will induce surrounding tissue to become more resistant to temperature increases. In a fifth embodiment, the temperature increase near the implantable devices including the neuroprosthetic devices is determined using a modified bio-heat transfer model. In a sixth embodiment, the shape of the outer or the inner surface of the device is modified.