Abstract: An absolute distance measuring method and device including a transmission unit having a laser array comprising multiple measurement laser emitters arranged along a laser array axis and a receiver unit having at least one receiver array comprising multiple measurement receivers arranged along a receiver array axis for measuring of an absolute distance based on a respective detected transmission beam and the principle of time-of-flight. The laser array comprises at least a first reference laser emitter and the receiver array comprises at least a first reference receiver. The reference laser emitter and reference receiver define an internal absolute distance reference beam path for calibration of the device with respect to said measuring of absolute distance.

Abstract: According to the invention, a light signal is emitted to one or several targets in order to derive geodetic distance data therefrom. Apparatus components such as transmitters (1?) and receivers (4?) are modeled along with the targets (3a and 3b) as a linear, time-invariant system which is excited by means of a signal s(t) and the system response y(t) of which is recorded. Unlike in delay meters or phase meters, the distance data is derived from both the delay and the signal form of the system response.

Abstract: According to the invention, the sensitivity of a method for electronic measurement may be improved, carried out by the principle of heterodyne reception with the steps of broadcast of pulsed electromagnetic radiation (ES) with at least one pulse repetition frequency, reception of back-scattered radiation (RS), whereby the back-scattered radiation (RS) is converted into a received signal, mixing of the received signals, determination of at least one time parameter from the at least one output signal, whereby on mixing the received signals at least two pulsed mixed signals are mixed to give at least two output signals and the at least two mixed signals are phase-shifted relative to each other.

Abstract: According to the invention, a light signal is emitted to one or several targets in order to derive geodetic distance data therefrom. Apparatus components such as transmitters (1?) and receivers (4?) are modeled along with the targets (3a and 3b) as a linear, time-invariant system which is excited by means of a signal s(t) and the system response y(t) of which is recorded. Unlike in delay meters or phase meters, the distance data is derived from both the delay and the signal form of the system response.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optical communication system enabling communication between several co-existing transmitting and receiving stations. In order to allow communication between the co-existing stations, a robust physical layer header (RPLH; 50) is employed which can be understood by all participating stations. This robust header (50) at least comprises a preamble (52) consisting of frames forming a periodic sequence of pulses, the number of slots per frame and the frame content being known to all participating stations. The preamble (52) serves for relative synchronization and carrier detection of the receiving stations. The robust header (50) further comprises a unique synchronization word (53) used for absolute synchronization of the receiving stations. This synchronization word (53) is followed by a control field (59) of fixed length and known structure. By means of this control field (59) the receiving stations are informed which modulation method will be used for the transmission of data.