Abstract: An optical arrangement having at least a lens mode in which the optical arrangement is a lens arrangement having an array (9) of lenticular lenses (11) each of which has a particular lens surface shape such that, when tracing rays through a lenticular lens after they have entered one side of the lenticular lens, there exists at least one ray that hits the lenticular lens surface perpendicularly. This arrangement gives reduced banding and loss of intensity at steep angles when used in an autostereoscopic display.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic image output device includes an image panel having an array of image pixels defining an image, the image pixels being arranged in rows and columns. An array of parallel lenticular elements is positioned over the image panel, the lenticular elements having optical focal axes that are slanted at an angle (?) to the image pixel columns. The image output device is operable in first and second modes, with the image panel and lenticular element array rotated by 90 degrees between the modes, thereby providing a landscape mode of operation and a portrait mode of operation, the slant angle ? in the landscape mode satisfies: 1???1/2.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic image output device includes an image panel having an array of image pixels defining an image, the image pixels being arranged in rows and columns. An array of parallel lenticular elements is positioned over the image panel, the lenticular elements having optical focal axes that are slanted at an angle (?) to the image pixel columns. The image output device is operable in first and second modes, with the image panel and lenticular element array rotated by 90 degrees between the modes, thereby providing a landscape mode of operation and a portrait mode of operation, the slant angle ? in the landscape mode satisfies: 1???1/2.

Abstract: An optical arrangement having at least a lens mode in which it is a lens arrangement comprising an array (9) of lenticular lenses (11) each of which has a particular lens surface shape such that, when tracing rays through a lenticular lens after they have entered one side of the lenticular lens, there exists at least one ray that hits the lenticular lens surface perpendicularly. This arrangement gives reduced banding and loss of intensity at steep angles when used in an autostereoscopic display.

Abstract: An auto-stereoscopic display device includes a display panel having an array of display pixels for producing a display; and a view forming unit having an array of view forming elements. Each view forming elements is configurable to focus the outputs of groups of the display pixels into views projected towards a user in different directions. The display device further includes a view deflecting unit to selectably change the directions in which the plurality of views is projected towards the user. The view deflecting unit includes at least one birefringent prism having a first refractive index for light having a first polarization direction and a second refractive index for light having a second polarization direction. The view deflecting unit further includes a polarization switch in registration with the birefringent prism for providing the birefringent prism with display light having the first or second polarization direction.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic image output device includes an image panel having an array of image pixels defining an image, the image pixels being arranged in rows and columns. An array of parallel lenticular elements is positioned over the image panel, the lenticular elements having optical focal axes that are slanted at an angle (?) to the image pixel columns. The image output device is operable in first and second modes, with the image panel and lenticular element array rotated by 90 degrees between the modes, thereby providing a landscape mode of operation and a portrait mode of operation, the slant angle ? in the landscape mode satisfies 1???½.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display device comprising a view forming module in registration with an image forming means. The image forming means has an orthogonal array of display pixels spatially defined by an opaque matrix. The view forming module provides at least two optical functions, namely a view forming function and a brightness non-uniformity reducing function. The view forming function modifies the direction of outputs of the display pixels such that the outputs of groups of the display pixels are projected in respective different directions as a plurality of views. The brightness non-uniformity reducing function spreads the outputs of the display pixels.

Abstract: A switchable autostereoscopic display device comprising: a display panel having an array of display pixels for producing a display, the display pixels being arranged in rows and columns; an array of lens elements arranged over the display panel for directing the light output of the display pixels so as to provide a stereoscopic image, the lens elements comprising an electro-optic material whose refractive index is switchable by selective application of an electric field between a first value that maintains the light output directing function and a second value that removes the light output directing function; and electrode arrangements provided above and below the lens elements for applying the electric field across the lens elements. At least one of the electrode arrangements comprises first and second electrode layers separated by a dielectric layer, and each electrode layer comprises a plurality of parallel elongate electrodes separated by gaps.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lighting system. The lighting system includes a plurality of interconnectable polygonal lighting modules, wherein each lighting module has a plurality of connection members each including at least one electrical terminal. The connection members are arranged rotationally symmetrically at the lighting module. The lighting system further includes bridge members. Each bridge member has bridge terminals and is mountable at neighboring connection members of different lighting modules, to form a bridge providing an electric connection between connection terminals of the different connection members.

Abstract: A method of computing a display value to be provided to a stereoscopic display apparatus (150) is described. The method includes: determining a first intermediate value (811) from a 3-D representation on basis of a first one of the angular directions and coordinates of a first one of the picture elements (102); determining a second intermediate value (810) from the 3-D representation on basis of a further angular direction relative to the first plane and the coordinates of the first one of the picture elements; and combining the first intermediate value (811) and the second intermediate value (810) to the display value, the display value related to the particular output of a first one of the picture elements of the stereoscopic display apparatus (102).

Abstract: A drive method and apparatus is provided for a 2D/3D autostereoscopic display with a switchable lens array having an electrically switchable refractive index, between an array of row electrode lines and an array of column electrode lines to control the switching of the lens elements. The drive signals comprise: a row select voltage waveform (Rsw), —a column select voltage waveform (Csw), —and a common row and column de-select voltage waveform (Vbase). The waveforms each comprise a substantially square wave voltage waveform, each waveform having the same period. The three waveforms are time staggered with respect to each other with a phase shift of 2/3 or 4/3 between each waveform and each other waveform. This arrangement provides polarity inversion voltage waveforms when switching voltages are applied to the lens elements, and with maximized RMS voltage.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lighting system. The lighting system includes a plurality of interconnectable polygonal lighting modules, wherein each lighting module has a plurality of connection members each including at least one electrical terminal. The connection members are arranged rotationally symmetrically at the lighting module. The lighting system further includes bridge members. Each bridge member has bridge terminals and is mountable at neighboring connection members of different lighting modules, to form a bridge providing an electric connection between connection terminals of the different connection members.

Abstract: This invention relates to a lighting system. The lighting system includes a plurality of interconnectable polygonal lighting modules, wherein each lighting module has a plurality of connection members each including at least one electrical terminal. The connection members are arranged rotationally symmetrically at the lighting module. The lighting system further includes bridge members. Each bridge member has bridge terminals and is mountable at neighboring connection members of different lighting modules, to form a bridge providing an electric connection between connection terminals of the different connection members.

Abstract: A switchable autostereoscopic display device comprising: a display panel having an array of display pixels for producing a display, the display pixels being arranged in rows and columns; an array of lens elements arranged over the display panel for directing the light output of the display pixels so as to provide a stereoscopic image, the lens elements comprising an electro-optic material whose refractive index is switchable by selective application of an electric field between a first value that maintains the light output directing function and a second value that removes the light output directing function; and discontinuous electrode layers provided above and below the lens elements for applying the electric field across the lens elements. The electrode layers are spaced from the lens elements by dielectric layers, such that the effect of the electrode layer discontinuities on the electric field in the lens elements is reduced.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display device comprising a view forming module in registration with an image forming means. The image forming means has an orthogonal array of display pixels spatially defined by an opaque matrix. The view forming module provides at least two optical functions, namely a view forming function and a brightness non-uniformity reducing function. The view forming function modifies the direction of outputs of the display pixels such that the outputs of groups of the display pixels are projected in respective different directions as a plurality of views. The view forming function is provided by an array of parallel lenticular lenses arranged across the view forming module and having a first pitch. The brightness non-uniformity reducing function spreads the outputs of the display pixels such that brightness non-uniformities caused by imaging of the opaque matrix are reduced.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display lens arrangement comprises an array (9) of parallel lenticular lenses (11), wherein the lens array comprises first and second materials of different refractive indices (60,62) sandwiched between planar substrates, with the interface between the first and second materials defining the lens surfaces. The first material has a refractive index n1, the lens array has a lens pitch p and the lenticular lenses have a radius of curvature at their centre of R, and the lenses satisfy n1 (p/2R)>0.6. This arrangement gives reduced banding and loss of intensity at steep angles when used in an autostereoscopic display.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic image output device comprises an image panel having an array of image pixels (5) defining an image, the image pixels being arranged in rows and columns. An array of parallel lenticular elements (11) is positioned over the image panel, the lenticular elements having optical focal axes that are slanted at an angle (?) to the image pixel columns. The image output device is operable in first and second modes, with the image panel and lenticular element array rotated by 90 degrees between the modes, thereby providing a landscape mode of operation and a portrait mode of operation, the slant angle ? in the landscape mode satisfies: 1?tan ??1/2. This enables a 3D image device to be used in both the landscape and the portrait mode, while maintaining a good view-distribution and image pixel structure.

Abstract: An auto-stereoscopic display device which addresses the problem of how to provide an improved three dimensional effect without degrading the resolution of the views. The auto-stereoscopic display device comprises: image forming means having an array of display pixels for producing a display; view forming means positioned in registration with the image forming means and having an array of view forming elements, the view forming elements each being configurable to focus the outputs of groups of the display pixels into a plurality of views projected towards a user in different directions; and view deflecting means positioned in registration with the view forming means, the view deflecting means being arranged to selectably change the directions in which the plurality of views are projected towards the user.

Abstract: A drive method and apparatus is provided for a 2D/3D autostereoscopic display with a switchable lens array having an electrically switchable refractive index, between an array of row electrode lines and an array of column electrode lines to control the switching of the lens elements. The drive signals comprise: a row select voltage waveform (Rsw), —a column select voltage waveform (Csw), —and a common row and column de-select voltage waveform (Vbase). The waveforms each comprise a substantially square wave voltage waveform, each waveform having the same period. The three waveforms are time staggered with respect to each other with a phase shift of 2/3 or 4/3 between each waveform and each other waveform. This arrangement provides polarity inversion voltage waveforms when switching voltages are applied to the lens elements, and with maximised RMS voltage.

Abstract: A switchable autostereoscopic display device comprising: a display panel having an array of display pixels for producing a display, the display pixels being arranged in rows and columns; an array of lens elements arranged over the display panel for directing the light output of the display pixels so as to provide a stereoscopic image, the lens elements comprising an electro-optic material whose refractive index is switchable by selective application of an electric field between a first value that maintains the light output directing function and a second value that removes the light output directing function; and electrode arrangements provided above and below the lens elements for applying the electric field across the lens elements. At least one of the electrode arrangements comprises first and second electrode layers separated by a dielectric layer, and each electrode layer comprises a plurality of parallel elongate electrodes separated by gaps.