Abstract: A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor including a substrate, two or more electrodes, a conductive layer applied to the substrate and a molecularly imprinted polymer layer applied to the conductive layer is disclosed herein The MIP sensor may form part of an MIP sensor system that can be used to detect and quantify target molecules.

Abstract: A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sensor including a substrate, two or more electrodes, a conductive layer applied to the substrate and a molecularly imprinted polymer layer applied to the conductive layer is disclosed herein The MIP sensor may form part of an MIP sensor system that can be used to detect and quantify target molecules.

Abstract: A method for forming arrays of metal, alloy, semiconductor or magnetic nanoparticles is described. An embodiment of the method comprises placing a scaffold on a substrate, the scaffold comprising, for example, polynucleotides and/or polypeptides, and coupling the nanoparticles to the scaffold. Methods of producing arrays in predetermined patterns and electronic devices that incorporate such patterned arrays are also described.

Abstract: A method for forming arrays of metal, alloy, semiconductor or magnetic clusters is described. The method comprises placing a scaffold on a substrate, the scaffold comprising molecules selected from the group consisting of polynucleotides, polypeptides, and perhaps combinations thereof. Polypeptides capable of forming ? helices are currently preferred for forming scaffolds. Arrays are then formed by contacting the scaffold with plural, monodispersed ligand-stabilized clusters. Each cluster, prior to contacting the scaffold, includes plural exchangeable ligands bonded thereto. If the clusters are metal clusters, then the metal preferably is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd and mixtures thereof. A currently preferred metal is gold, and a currently preferred metal cluster is Au55 having a radius of from about 0.7 to about 1 nm. Compositions also are described, one use for which is in the formation of cluster arrays.

Abstract: A method for forming arrays of metal, alloy, semiconductor or magnetic clusters is described. The method comprises placing a scaffold on a substrate, the scaffold comprising, for example, polynucleotides and/or polypeptides, and coupling the clusters to the scaffold. Methods of producing arrays in predetermined patterns and electronic devices that incorporate such patterned arrays are also described.

Abstract: A method for forming arrays of metal, alloy, semiconductor or magnetic clusters is described. The method comprises placing a scaffold on a substrate, the scaffold comprising, for example, polynucleotides and/or polypeptides, and coupling the clusters to the scaffold. Methods of producing arrays in predetermined patterns and electronic devices that incorporate such patterned arrays are also described.

Abstract: A method for forming arrays of metal, alloy, semiconductor or magnetic clusters is described. The method comprises placing a scaffold on a substrate, the scaffold comprising molecules selected from the group consisting of polynucleotides, polypeptides, and perhaps combinations thereof. Polypeptides capable of forming ? helices are currently preferred for forming scaffolds. Arrays are then formed by contacting the scaffold with plural, monodispersed ligand-stabilized clusters. Each cluster, prior to contacting the scaffold, includes plural exchangeable ligands bonded thereto. If the clusters are metal clusters, then the metal preferably is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd and mixtures thereof. A currently preferred metal is gold, and a currently preferred metal cluster is Au55 having a radius of from about 0.7 to about 1 nm. Compositions also are described, one use for which is in the formation of cluster arrays.

Abstract: A method for forming arrays of metal, alloy, semiconductor or magnetic clusters is described. The method comprises placing a scaffold on a substrate, the scaffold comprising, for example, polynucleotides and/or polypeptides, and coupling the clusters to the scaffold. Methods of producing arrays in predetermined patterns and electronic devices that incorporate such patterned arrays are also described.

Abstract: A method for forming arrays of metal, alloy, semiconductor or magnetic clusters is described. The method comprises placing a scaffold on a substrate, the scaffold comprising molecules selected from the group consisting of polynucleotides, polypeptides, and perhaps combinations thereof. Polypeptides capable of forming &agr; helices are currently preferred for forming scaffolds. Arrays are then formed by contacting the scaffold with plural, monodispersed ligand-stabilized clusters. Each cluster, prior to contacting the scaffold, includes plural exchangeable ligands bonded thereto. If the clusters are metal clusters, then the metal preferably is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd and mixtures thereof. A currently preferred metal is gold, and a currently preferred metal cluster is Au55 having a radius of from about 0.7 to about 1 nm. Compositions also are described, one use for which is in the formation of cluster arrays.

Abstract: A method for forming arrays of metal, alloy, semiconductor or magnetic clusters is described. The method comprises placing a scaffold on a substrate, the scaffold comprising, for example, polynucleotides and/or polypeptides, and coupling the clusters to the scaffold. Methods of producing arrays in predetermined patterns and electronic devices that incorporate such patterned arrays are also described.

Abstract: A method for forming arrays of metal, alloy, semiconductor or magnetic clusters is described. The method comprises placing a scaffold on a substrate, the scaffold comprising molecules selected from the group consisting of polynucleotides, polypeptides, and perhaps combinations thereof. Polypeptides capable of forming &agr; helices are currently preferred for forming scaffolds. Arrays are then formed by contacting the scaffold with plural, monodispersed ligand-stabilized clusters. Each cluster, prior to contacting the scaffold, includes plural exchangeable ligands bonded thereto. If the clusters are metal clusters, then the metal preferably is selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Pt, Pd and mixtures thereof. A currently preferred metal is gold, and a currently preferred metal cluster is Au55 having a radius of from about 0.7 to about 1 nm. Compositions also are described, one use for which is in the formation of cluster arrays.

Abstract: A method for forming arrays of metal, alloy, semiconductor or magnetic clusters is described. The method comprises placing a scaffold on a substrate, the scaffold comprising, for example, polynucleotides and/or polypeptides, and coupling the clusters to the scaffold. Methods of producing arrays in predetermined patterns and electronic devices that incorporate such patterned arrays are also described.

Abstract: Methods for coating substrates are described. The methods comprise coating at least a portion of a substrate with particular coating materials. The coating materials can be crosslinked and coated onto a substrate. Alternatively, the coating materials may be covalently bonded to the substrates. The coating materials might themselves functionalize the substrate, or provide a biocompatible coating on the substrate. The coating materials might also include electrophilic or nucleophilic groups that allow for the subsequent reaction of the coating materials with additional reagents. The present invention also provides coated workpieces, particularly medical workpieces having a surface for contacting tissue or blood. These workpieces comprise a first layer and a second layer. The first layer comprises a molecular tether covalently bonded to the surface.

Abstract: A molecularly imprinted substrate and sensors employing the imprinted substrate for detecting the presence or absence of analytes are described. One embodiment of the invention comprises first forming a solution comprising a solvent and (a) a polymeric material capable of undergoing an addition reaction with a nitrene, (b) a crosslinking agent (c) a functionalizing monomer and (d) an imprinting molecule. A silicon wafer is spincoated with the solution. The solvent is evaporated to form a film on the silicon wafer. The film is exposed to an energy source to crosslink the substrate, and the imprinting molecule is then extracted from the film. The invention can be used to detect an analyte by forming films which are then exposed to a reaction energy to form a crosslinked substrate. The imprinting molecules are extracted from the crosslinked substrate. The film is exposed to one or more of the imprinting molecules for a period of time sufficient to couple the imprinting molecules to the film.

Abstract: Methods for covalently modifying surfaces of various substrates are disclosed, along with various substrates having surfaces modified by such methods. Candidate surfaces include various polymeric, siliceous, metallic, allotrophic forms of carbon, and semiconductor surfaces. The surfaces are exposed to a reagent, having molecules each comprising a nitrenogenic group and a functionalizing group, in the presence of energized charged particles such as electrons and ions, photons, or heat, which transform the nitrenogenic reagent to a nitrene intermediate. The nitrene covalently reacts with any of various chemical groups present on the substrate surface, thereby effecting nitrene addition of the functionalizing groups to the substrate surface. The functionalizing groups can then participate in downstream chemistry whereby any of a large variety of functional groups, including biological molecules, can be covalently bonded to the surface, thereby dramatically altering the chemical behavior of the surface.

Abstract: Methods for covalently modifying surfaces of various substrates are disclosed, along with various substrates having surfaces modified by such methods. Candidate surfaces include various polymeric, siliceous, metallic, allotrophic forms of carbon, and semiconductor surfaces. The surfaces are exposed to a reagent, having molecules each comprising a nitrenogenic group and a functionalizing group, in the presence of energized charged particles such as electrons and ions, photons, or heat, which transform the nitrenogenic reagent to a nitrene intermediate. The nitrene covalently reacts with any of various chemical groups present on the substrate surface, thereby effecting nitrene addition of the functionalizing groups to the substrate surface. The functionalizing groups can then participate in downstream chemistry whereby any of a large variety of functional groups, including biological molecules, can be covalently bonded to the surface, thereby dramatically altering the chemical behavior of the surface.

Abstract: Chemical and biosensors are disclosed. An optical waveguide is used to conduct electromagnetic radiation by total internal reflection in parallel through a reference waveguide portion and at least one analyte waveguide portion. The electromagnetic radiation is then converged into an exit beam. The external surface of at least the analyte portion is covalently modified, or functionalized, relative to the reference portion. Resulting interaction of the functionalized surface with molecules comprising an analyte causes a phase change in the electromagnetic radiation passing through the analyte portion relative to the reference portion sufficient to generate a corresponding and measurable interference pattern in the exit beam.

Abstract: The present invention (or multi-terminal lateral hot-electron transistor, ET) is based on a high electron mobility (hot-electron) transistor with a split-gate arrangement similar to those used in quantum wave guide devices. In the present invention, the depletion below the split gate is used to form, and control, potential barriers between the source and drain contacts. The devices, according to the present invention, exhibit pronounced SNDC which is controlled by the gate bias.