Abstract: A lower resist (2) is applied on a semiconductor substrate (1). An upper resist (3) is applied on the lower resist (2). A first opening (4) is formed in the upper resist (3) by exposure and development and the lower resist (2) is dissolved with a developer upon the development to form a second opening (5) having a width wider than that of the first opening (4) below the first opening (4) so that a resist pattern (6) in a shape of an eave having an undercut is formed. Baking is performed to thermally shrink the upper resist (3) to bent an eave portion (7) of the upper resist (3) upward. After the baking, a metal film (8) is formed on the resist pattern (6) and on the semiconductor substrate (1) exposed at the second opening (5). The resist pattern (6) and the metal film (8) is removed on the resist pattern (6) and the metal film (8) is left on the semiconductor substrate (1) as an electrode (9).

Abstract: A lower resist (2) is applied on a semiconductor substrate (1). An upper resist (3) is applied on the lower resist (2). A first opening (4) is formed in the upper resist (3) by exposure and development and the lower resist (2) is dissolved with a developer upon the development to form a second opening (5) having a width wider than that of the first opening (4) below the first opening (4) so that a resist pattern (6) in a shape of an eave having an undercut is formed. Baking is performed to thermally shrink the upper resist (3) to bent an eave portion (7) of the upper resist (3) upward. After the baking, a metal film (8) is formed on the resist pattern (6) and on the semiconductor substrate (1) exposed at the second opening (5). The resist pattern (6) and the metal film (8) is removed on the resist pattern (6) and the metal film (8) is left on the semiconductor substrate (1) as an electrode (9).

Abstract: A laser diode includes a ridge portion, channel portions located adjacent to the ridge portion such that the ridge portion is sandwiched, the channel portions being shorter in height than the ridge portion, terrace portions adjacent to opposite sides of the respective channel portions from the ridge portion and longer in height than the channel portions, supporting portions provided over the respective channel portions, separated from side surfaces of the ridge portion or side surfaces of terrace portions or both, and made of resin, a ceiling portion including first portions provided over the supporting portions and second portions continuous with the first portions and located over the respective channel portions with hollow portions interposed therebetween, the ceiling portion being made of resin, and a metal layer provided over the ceiling portion and connected to an upper surface of the ridge portion.

Abstract: A laser diode includes a ridge portion, channel portions located adjacent to the ridge portion such that the ridge portion is sandwiched, the channel portions being shorter in height than the ridge portion, terrace portions adjacent to opposite sides of the respective channel portions from the ridge portion and longer in height than the channel portions, supporting portions provided over the respective channel portions, separated from side surfaces of the ridge portion or side surfaces of terrace portions or both, and made of resin, a ceiling portion including first portions provided over the supporting portions and second portions continuous with the first portions and located over the respective channel portions with hollow portions interposed therebetween, the ceiling portion being made of resin, and a metal layer provided over the ceiling portion and connected to an upper surface of the ridge portion.

Abstract: A laser diode includes a ridge portion, channel portions located adjacent to the ridge portion such that the ridge portion is sandwiched, the channel portions being shorter in height than the ridge portion, terrace portions adjacent to opposite sides of the respective channel portions from the ridge portion and longer in height than the channel portions, supporting portions provided over the respective channel portions, separated from side surfaces of the ridge portion or side surfaces of terrace portions or both, and made of resin, a ceiling portion including first portions provided over the supporting portions and second portions continuous with the first portions and located over the respective channel portions with hollow portions interposed therebetween, the ceiling portion being made of resin, and a metal layer provided over the ceiling portion and connected to an upper surface of the ridge portion.

Abstract: A laser diode includes a ridge portion, channel portions located adjacent to the ridge portion such that the ridge portion is sandwiched, the channel portions being shorter in height than the ridge portion, terrace portions adjacent to opposite sides of the respective channel portions from the ridge portion and longer in height than the channel portions, supporting portions provided over the respective channel portions, separated from side surfaces of the ridge portion or side surfaces of terrace portions or both, and made of resin, a ceiling portion including first portions provided over the supporting portions and second portions continuous with the first portions and located over the respective channel portions with hollow portions interposed therebetween, the ceiling portion being made of resin, and a metal layer provided over the ceiling portion and connected to an upper surface of the ridge portion.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor laser of the present invention includes a step of forming an insulating film on a surface of a grooved semiconductor substrate, a step of pasting an insulating sheet to a top surface of the insulating film so as to cover an opening of the groove and forming an insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate, a step of forming an opening of providing a first opening in the insulating layer so that a part corresponding to an electrode of the semiconductor substrate is exposed and a step of forming the electrode on a top surface of the insulating layer so as to fill the first opening.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a semiconductor laser of the present invention includes a step of forming an insulating film on a surface of a grooved semiconductor substrate, a step of pasting an insulating sheet to a top surface of the insulating film so as to cover an opening of the groove and forming an insulating layer on the semiconductor substrate, a step of forming an opening of providing a first opening in the insulating layer so that a part corresponding to an electrode of the semiconductor substrate is exposed and a step of forming the electrode on a top surface of the insulating layer so as to fill the first opening.

Abstract: A distributed feedback laser diode includes a substrate, an active layer located above and supported by the substrate, and a diffraction grating diffracting light generated in the active layer. The diffraction grating includes features and each feature includes dots. Each of the dots has a length less than 2.5 ?m.

Abstract: A distributed feedback laser diode includes a substrate, an active layer located above and supported by the substrate, and a diffraction grating diffracting light generated in the active layer. The diffraction grating includes features and each feature includes dots. Each of the dots has a length less than 2.5 ?m.

Abstract: A distributed feedback laser diode includes a substrate, an active layer located above and supported by the substrate, and a diffraction grating having a first feature and a second feature and being configured to diffract light generated in the active layer, the second feature being shorter than the first feature and facing a central portion of the first feature.

Abstract: A digital map display zooming method for continuously enlarging and reducing a displayed portion of a digital map as map information in digital form within a display screen is provided which comprises the steps of displaying the displayed portion of the digital map at the display screen, displaying a scroll part within the display screen for shifting the displayed portion, making the scroll part function as a scale setting part for carrying out enlarging and reducing operations of the displayed portion of the digital map within the display screen, and carrying out enlarging and reducing operations of the displayed portion of the digital map within the display screen by shifting a shifting operation part of the scale setting part.

Abstract: Information to be recorded is encrypted using an encryption key based on information inherent in a recording medium. The information inherent in the recording medium is specific information on a disk. When an encrypted information recorded on a recording medium is decrypted, there are reproduced from a recording medium a first file storing information encrypted by using an encryption key generated based on a random data to be inserted into a predetermined portion of the encrypted information to be recorded on a recording medium and a second file storing data indicative of a predetermined portion of the random data to be inserted into a predetermined portion of the encrypted information. The random data is detected from the encrypted information. A decryption key is generated from the detected random data. The encrypted information of the reproduced first file is decrypted using the decryption key.

Abstract: A pipe-coupling device comprises a joint body having an opening with external threads to receive a pipe, a locknut having internal threads engaged with the external threads of the joint body, an annular core member disposed within the locknut, and a plurality of locking members retained in apertures of the core member to be spaced circumferentially apart from each other. Upon tightening rotation of the locknut around the joint body, the internal conical surface of the locknut slidably contacts with the conical surfaces of the locking members so as to press the locking members radially inwardly, to cause the gripping portions of the locking members come into gripping engagement with the outer periphery of the inserted pipe, thereby strongly preventing withdrawal of the pipe from the joint body even when the pipe is made of hard material.

Abstract: A pipe-coupling device comprises a joint body 2 having an opening 2h with external threads 2d to receive a pipe P, a locknut 5 having internal threads 5a engaged with the external threads 2d of the joint body 2, an annular core member 6 disposed within the locknut 6, and a plurality of locking members 7 retained in apertures 6d of the core member 6 to be spaced circumferentially apart from each other. Upon tightening rotation of the locknut 5 around the joint body 2, the internal conical surface 5c of the locknut 5 slidably contacts with the conical surfaces 7a of the locking members 7 so as to press the locking members 7 radially inwardly, to cause the gripping portions 7b of the locking members 7 come into gripping engagement with the outer periphery of the inserted pipe P, thereby strongly preventing withdrawal of the pipe P from the joint body 2 even when the pipe is made of hard material.

Abstract: A digital map display zooming method for continuously enlarging and reducing a displayed portion of a digital map as map information in digital form within a display screen is provided which comprises the steps of displaying the displayed portion of the digital map at the display screen, displaying a scroll part within the display screen for shifting the displayed portion, making the scroll part function as a scale setting part for carrying out enlarging and reducing operations of the displayed portion of the digital map within the display screen, and carrying out enlarging and reducing operations of the displayed portion of the digital map within the display screen by shifting a shifting operation part of the scale setting part.

Abstract: In a digital map display zooming method for enlarging and reducing a displayed portion of a digital map as map information in digital form within a display screen, continuous enlarging operation and continuous reducing operation of the displayed portion of the digital map within the display screen are designated by operating the first designating part and the second designating part of a pointing device, respectively.

Abstract: A digital map display zooming method for continuously enlarging and reducing a displayed portion of a digital map as map information in digital form within a display screen is provided which comprises the steps of displaying the displayed portion of the digital map at the display screen, displaying a scroll part within the display screen for shifting the displayed portion, making the scroll part function as a scale setting part for carrying out enlarging and reducing operations of the displayed portion of the digital map within the display screen, and carrying out enlarging and reducing operations of the displayed portion of the digital map within the display screen by shifting a shifting operation part of the scale setting part.

Abstract: A digital map display scrolling method is provided which is for successively scrolling a displayed portion of a digital map as map information in digital form within a display screen, the method comprising the steps of displaying the displayed portion of the digital map at the display screen, shifting a pointer within the displayed portion of the digital map displayed at the display screen, and making an amount by which the pointer positioned at the displayed portion is shifted correspond to the scrolling speed of the displayed portion of the digital map within the display screen.

Abstract: A digital map display zooming method for continuously enlarging and reducing a displayed portion of a digital map as map information in digital form within a display screen is provided which comprises the steps of displaying the displayed portion of the digital map at the display screen, displaying a scroll part within the display screen for shifting the displayed portion, making the scroll part function as a scale setting part for carrying out enlarging and reducing operations of the displayed portion of the digital map within the display screen, and carrying out enlarging and reducing operations of the displayed portion of the digital map within the display screen by shifting a shifting operation part of the scale setting part.