Abstract: A hydrogen-permeable membrane includes a metal base layer containing a Group VA element, two metal middle layers which are formed on both of the two sides of the metal base layer and contains an element selected from Ni and CO, and two metal coating layers formed on the side of the two metal middle layers, on which the metal base layer is not formed, and containing Pd.

Abstract: A high-activity hydrotreating catalyst containing a uniformly dispersed active component at a high concentration, and particularly useful for deep desulfurization of a hydrocarbon oil for its high hydrodesulfurization activity. The present invention also provides a hydrotreating process using the same catalyst.

Abstract: A high-activity hydrotreating catalyst containing a uniformly dispersed active component at a high concentration, and particularly useful for deep desulfurization of a hydrocarbon oil for its high hydrodesulfurization activity. The present invention also provides a hydrotreating process using the same catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydrotreating catalyst composed of a carrier having a Brønsted acid content of at least 50 &mgr;mol/g such as a silica-alumina carrier or a silica-alumina-third component carrier, in which the silica is dispersed to high degree and a Brønsted acid content is at least 50 &mgr;mol/g, and at least one active component (A) selected from the elements of Group 8 of the Periodic Table and at least one active component (B) selected from the elements of Group 6 of the Periodic Table, supported on said carrier. The present invention also relates to a method for hydrotreating hydrocarbon oils using the same. The hydrotreating catalyst of the present invention provides excellent tolerance to the inhibiting effect of hydrogen sulfide, high desulfurization activity, and exhibits notable effects for deep desulfurization of hydrocarbon oils containing high contents of sulfur, in particular gas oil fractions containing difficult-to-remove sulfur compounds.

Abstract: A jitter measuring method and apparatus is provided which is capable of measuring jitters in serial digital signals transmitted at a high bit rate. The method and apparatus detects from a serial digital signal frequency deviations of a predetermined frequency corresponding to a predetermined period. The detected frequency deviations are converted to period deviations of the predetermined period.

Abstract: The rotation speed of a brushless motor is detected to generate a signal synchronizing with the rotation of the motor, and, on the basis of the synchronizing signal, a plurality of duty signals representing respectively different duty factors are generated. One of the plural duty signals is selected according to the detected rotation speed of the motor, and, on the basis of the selected duty signal, a corresponding exciting signal is supplied to the motor. The higher the detected rotation speed of the motor, the selected duty signal represents a larger duty factor.

Abstract: A controller of a synchronous motor for stably controlling the synchronous motor from a low speed to a high speed. The controller includes a multi-phase synchronous motor, a multi-phase square wave oscillator circuit, a magnetic pole position detection unit for detecting a position of the magnetic pole of a rotor of the multi-phase synchronous motor, and a unit for calculating a detection period of the magnetic pole position of the rotor by the magnetic pole position detection unit. The controller further includes a unit for dividing multi-phase square waves for each phase generated from the multi-phase square wave oscillator circuit into a plurality of pulses for each period to produce the divided square pulses. The controller also includes an excitation current control unit for controlling the divided square pulses for each phase in accordance with the detection period to supply the pulses to stator coils of the motor.