Abstract: A microscope includes an illuminating unit that includes an excitation light source emitting an excitation light, and a phosphor receiving the excitation light and emitting illumination light in a specific wavelength range. The illuminating unit illuminates a specimen with the illumination light. The microscope also includes an observation unit for observing the specimen illuminated by the illuminating unit.

Abstract: An optical integrated circuit having optical devices is fabricated. These optical devices must be biased in the mutually opposite directions. If such an optical integrated circuit is fabricated using a conductive semiconductor substrate as conventionally, it is not possible to drive the devices by a single power supply since the substrate side is shared as a common polarity by the devices. The present invention realizes a structure where both anode and cathode of each device can be isolated electrically by conventional process technology and provides an optical integrated circuit which can be driven by a single power supply. An optical integrated circuit is formed on a semi-insulative or insulative substrate. A high resistivity region which extends at least from the active layer to the substrate and includes part of an optical waveguide between the devices is formed so as to electrically isolate the anode and cathode of each integrated device from the other device.

Abstract: A light receiving element circuit is an integrated circuit configured by a light receiving element which photoelectrically converts an optical signal having an information signal, and amplifier circuits which amplify the photoelectrically converted electric signal and output the signal. The light receiving element circuit comprises a reference voltage generating circuit which generates a reference voltage of the amplifier circuits, a reference voltage output terminal which outputs the reference voltage, a reference voltage input terminal which inputs a reference voltage from the outside, a switch which switches the reference voltage from the reference voltage generating circuit and the reference voltage inputted from the reference voltage input terminal, and a reference voltage switch terminal which inputs signal for controlling the switch.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a plurality of light receiving elements photoelectrically convert light signals having information signals, respectively. A plurality of first amplification circuits amplify currents of electric signals from the respective light receiving elements. A selecting section selectively outputs one of signals amplified by the plurality of first amplification circuits. A second amplification circuit amplifies a voltage of the signal output from the selecting section, and supplies the signal to the outside.

Abstract: The invention aims at realizing a 1300-nm-band direct modulation laser, having a single lateral mode, in which a chip light power of several milliwatts and a low current operation are simultaneously realized. Also, the invention aims at realizing a laser light source excellent in economy as well by realizing output characteristics of a vertical cavity surface light emitting laser. A distributed Bragg reflector laser is constructed in the form of a semiconductor laser having a multilayer structure formed on a predetermined semiconductor substrate. The multilayer structure includes an active region for emitting a laser beam, and a distributed Bragg reflector layer. A length of the active region falls within the range of 10 to 100 ?m, and a laser light beam is generated in accordance with ON/OFF of current injection to the active region.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser device capable of providing high output power operation is provided which has a structure in which high output power and kink suppression can be simultaneously attained as well as these characteristics can be realized by a short chip length. In a waveguide structure of an MMI laser diode, a taper waveguide is intentionally inserted between a single mode waveguide and a multimode waveguide, and further, a single mode waveguide is used as a passive waveguide. These individual units or combination thereof can solve the above-described problems.

Abstract: An optical transmitter-receiver is provided which is suitable for a high-speed optical communication system. A high-frequency electric line on a mounting substrate becomes a traveling-wave electrode of a semiconductor optical element equivalently by the following steps: separately manufacturing the mounting substrate having the high-frequency electric line, and the semiconductor optical element for which high-frequency design has been applied beforehand; and then bonding and mounting of drive electrodes of the mounting substrate and the semiconductor optical element through a soldering material. In addition, it is also possible to have a configuration in which not only junction down mounting of high-frequency semiconductor optical elements, but also that of an electronic element for electrically driving and controlling a light source such as a semiconductor laser and for electrically driving and controlling a high-frequency semiconductor optical element, is performed on the mounting substrate.

Abstract: Since the semiconductor devices including a stacked structure of group-III-V alloy semiconductor layers different in the kind of group-V constituent atom form the so-called band line-up of type II, band discontinuity in the heterostructure has impeded smooth transport of carriers and deteriorated device characteristics. According to the present invention, an energy band structure that makes it possible, in one energy band (e.g., a valence band), to smoothly transport carriers of one of two kinds (e.g., holes) by connecting energy discontinuity in an inclined form or stepwise, and at the same, in the other energy band (e.g., a conduction band), to maintain a barrier effect for carriers of the other kind (e.g., electrons) by retaining energy discontinuity, can be realized for improved transport characteristics of carriers at the heterointerface forming the band line-up of type II.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating viral infectious diseases. The compounds of the present invention have extremely potent anti-HCV activity and HCV growth inhibitory effects, and since they also only demonstrate mild cytotoxicity in vivo, a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound of the present invention is extremely useful as an anti-HCV preventive/therapeutic agent.

Abstract: A continuous casting mold for a Cu alloy, using any one member selected from a glassy carbon, a metal-based self-lubricating composite or a graphite with a bulk density exceeding 1.92, at least for the mold member including the solidification starting position of the Cu alloy melt. A continuous casting mold for a Cu alloy, composed of any one member selected from a graphite, a ceramic and a metal member or of a combination of two or more parts of members thereof, in which at least the inner wall in the solidification starting position of the Cu alloy melt is coated with a self-lubricant or a metal-based self-lubricating composite material.

Abstract: A confocal microscope comprises a light source emitting a polarized light beam, an objective lens irradiating the polarized light beam, which is deflected and scanned by the optical scanner, to the sample as an excitation light beam, a wavelength separator detecting a necessary wavelength band from a polarized fluorescence emitted from the sample which is excited by the polarized light beam, and a photodetector unit having a polarization property extractor extracting a fluorescence with a predetermined polarization property from the fluorescence detected with the wavelength separator, a wavelength selector selecting a wavelength of the fluorescence extracted by the polarization property extractor, and a photodetector detecting the fluorescence selected by the wavelength selector.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus includes an area specifying unit that specifies a closed area emitting fluorescence in a fluorescence image as a cell area in a cell population including a number of dispersed cells. The fluorescence image is generated from fluorescence emitted by the cell population irradiated with a scanning laser beam. The apparatus also includes a nucleus data removing unit that removes data corresponding to a nucleus in the cell area; an overlapping cell specifying unit that specifies an overlapping cell area where cells overlap, based on a fluorescence intensity of a cytoplasm portion corresponding to an image where the data corresponding to the nucleus is removed; and an analyzed image generating unit that generates an analyzed image where data of the overlapping cell area is removed from the fluorescence image.

Abstract: Disclosed herewith is a data recording and reading equipment capable of reducing laser noise easily. At first, a laser beam source that can reduce the laser noise when reading data from a subject optical disk is obtained. A modulator capable of varying laser attenuation with a voltage is disposed so as to precede the laser, thereby the laser noise when reading data from the optical disk can be reduced without lowering the laser power when in writing.

Abstract: A confocal microscope comprises a light source emitting a polarized light beam, an objective lens irradiating the polarized light beam, which is deflected and scanned by the optical scanner, to the sample as an excitation light beam, a wavelength separator detecting a necessary wavelength band from a polarized fluorescence emitted from the sample which is excited by the polarized light beam, and a photodetector unit having a polarization property extractor extracting a fluorescence with a predetermined polarization property from the fluorescence detected with the wavelength separator, a wavelength selector selecting a wavelength of the fluorescence extracted by the polarization property extractor, and a photodetector detecting the fluorescence selected by the wavelength selector.

Abstract: A composition for dissolving a titanium oxide, which comprises carbonic acid and/or a carbonate, hydrogen peroxide and water.

Abstract: An optical integrated circuit having optical devices is fabricated. These optical devices must be biased in the mutually opposite directions. If such an optical integrated circuit is fabricated using a conductive semiconductor substrate as conventionally, it is not possible to drive the devices by a single power supply since the substrate side is shared as a common polarity by the devices. The present invention realizes a structure where both anode and cathode of each device can be isolated electrically by conventional process technology and provides an optical integrated circuit which can be driven by a single power supply. An optical integrated circuit is formed on a semi-insulative or insulative substrate. A high resistivity region which extends at least from the active layer to the substrate and includes part of an optical waveguide between the devices is formed so as to electrically isolate the anode and cathode of each integrated device from the other device.

Abstract: A device structure whereby an excellent tunable laser does not require a highly complicated wavelength control circuit, and delivers a high output, and excels in wavelength stability; and a structure of an optical module incorporating the laser; and a method for manufacturing the laser and the optical module. The wavelength of the laser is varied continuously with the single electric signal in the tunable wavelength range by setting the laser resonator length, the electric driving conditions of the laser at the time of tuning the wavelength, and the operating temperature to be in appropriate ranges, respectively. The device structure whereby improved laser gain, decreased electric resistance, and reduced heat resistance is attained by setting the waveguide width, particularly at part of or all parts of the laser resonator waveguide, to a wide width that allows multiple transverse modes to be sustained and setting both the width and the laser resonator length to appropriate values, respectively.

Abstract: A scanning fluorescent microscope includes a light source which irradiates a sample with an exciting light pulse, and a splitter which splits fluorescent photons emitted from the sample excited by the exciting light pulse, in at least first and second groups. The scanning fluorescent microscope also includes first and second detectors which detect the fluorescent photons of the first and second group, respectively, first and second counters which count numbers of fluorescent photons detected by the detectors, respectively, first and second correcting units which perform a predetermined correction to the numbers of fluorescent photons, an adder adding the numbers of fluorescent photons corrected, and an operating unit which calculates a florescent lifetime based on resulting numbers from the adder.

Abstract: A server system has servers that can be operated through switching as a primary system and a standby system, and a shared disk unit for storing data accessed by the servers. Each of the servers has a driver that acquires information on a configuration inside the shared disk unit after starting of the system. The driver sets the shared disk unit in an active state in which an access request can be sent to the shared disk unit. Access control determines whether the access request issued by an application should be sent on the basis of a management table indicating inhibited types of access requests for each access destination. The access control sends the access request to the driver when the access request is not inhibited for an access destination of the access request. By this arrangement, hot standby switching processing can be performed at high speed.

Abstract: An aminopolycarboxylate is described, which is represented by the following formula (1): wherein M1, M2, M3 and M4 independently represent each an alkali metal ion. A process for producing the aminopolycarboxylate; a biodegradable chelating agent which comprises as the active component the aminopolycarboxylate; and a sequestering agent which comprises as the active component the aminopolycarboxylate are also described.