Abstract: A hot water supply device including an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a burner unit, a heat exchanger, an exhaust aperture, a first temperature sensor detecting a measured exhaust temperature of the exhaust gas, a second temperature sensor detecting a water temperature of water entering the inlet pipe, and a processor. The processor is configured to obtain an error between the measured exhaust temperature and an estimated exhaust temperature, and detects that scale clogging has occurred inside the heat exchange tubing based on an index which is generated using the error between the measured exhaust temperature and the estimated exhaust temperature. The estimated exhaust temperature is a first predetermined value that is determined using a numerical equation which has at least the water temperature of water entering the inlet pipe and a scale number of the hot water supply device as variables of the numerical equation.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a case into which heating gas is supplied, a heat transfer pipe accommodated in the case, and first and second header sections, each of which has a chamber formed using a protruding part provided in the sidewall section, and to which the heat transfer pipe is connected such that a fluid to be heated enters and exit the chamber. The sidewall section has a configuration in which an inner plate and an outer plate overlap each other, the protruding part of the first header section is provided on the inner plate and protrudes toward an inside of the case, and the protruding part of the second header section is provided on the outer plate and protrudes toward an outside of the case.

Abstract: A hot water supply device including an inlet pipe, an outlet pipe, a burner unit, a heat exchanger, an exhaust aperture, a first temperature sensor detecting a measured exhaust temperature of the exhaust gas, a second temperature sensor detecting a water temperature of water entering the inlet pipe, and a processor. The processor is configured to obtain an error between the measured exhaust temperature and an estimated exhaust temperature, and detects that scale clogging has occurred inside the heat exchange tubing based on an index which is generated using the error between the measured exhaust temperature and the estimated exhaust temperature. The estimated exhaust temperature is a first predetermined value that is determined using a numerical equation which has at least the water temperature of water entering the inlet pipe and a scale number of the hot water supply device as variables of the numerical equation.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus is provided. The water heating apparatus includes a pump and is configured to be able to set a hot-water circulation route to circulate hot water discharged from a heat exchanger to be re-entered into the heat exchanger by operation of the pump. When a state of a hot-water supply operation in which a burner drives combustion is changed to an end state, hot water in the heat exchanger is circulated in the hot-water circulation route to suppress deposition of scale.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes fins and a plurality of pairs of cut-and-raised parts. Each pair of the cut-and-raised parts are positioned on both left and right sides in a width direction on a downstream side in a heating gas flowing direction around an outer circumference surface of each of upstream pipe body parts and face a downstream part on the outer circumference surface with a first gap therebetween. A width between upstream end parts of each pair of the cut-and-raised parts is larger than an outer diameter of each of the upstream pipe body parts. In addition, each pair of the cut-and-raised parts are inclined such that a width between downstream end parts becomes smaller than the width between the upstream end parts. A heating gas passing part having a width narrower than a dimension therebetween is provided in a region between two adjacent upstream pipe body parts.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes fins and a plurality of pairs of cut-and-raised parts. Each pair of the cut-and-raised parts are positioned on both left and right sides in a width direction on a downstream side in a heating gas flowing direction around an outer circumference surface of each of upstream pipe body parts and face a downstream part on the outer circumference surface with a first gap therebetween. A width between upstream end parts of each pair of the cut-and-raised parts is larger than an outer diameter of each of the upstream pipe body parts. In addition, each pair of the cut-and-raised parts are inclined such that a width between downstream end parts becomes smaller than the width between the upstream end parts. A heating gas passing part having a width narrower than a dimension therebetween is provided in a region between two adjacent upstream pipe body parts.

Abstract: A heat exchanger includes a case into which heating gas is supplied, a heat transfer pipe accommodated in the case, and first and second header sections, each of which has a chamber formed using a protruding part provided in the sidewall section, and to which the heat transfer pipe is connected such that a fluid to be heated enters and exit the chamber. The sidewall section has a configuration in which an inner plate and an outer plate overlap each other, the protruding part of the first header section is provided on the inner plate and protrudes toward an inside of the case, and the protruding part of the second header section is provided on the outer plate and protrudes toward an outside of the case.

Abstract: The heat exchanger HE comprising a case 2 housing a plurality of heat transfer tubes 1 and a header 3 having a hollow main body 30 with an open edge 33. A side wall 21 of the case 2 is provided with a bulging portion 22 having a cylindrical circumferential wall 22a bulging out of the case 2 and an end wall 22b which blocks a tip portion of the circumferential wall 22a. Each end of the heat transfer tubes 1 is inserted into a penetrating hole 22c provided for the end wall 22b of the bulging portion 22, and is jointed to the end wall 22b, and the open edge 33 of the header 3 is fitted onto the circumferential wall 22a of the bulging portion 22, thereby forming a chamber 36 communicating with the inside of each heat transfer tube 1. Therefore, it is possible that the number of the members of the heat exchanger HE is reduced, the configuration is simplified, and the heat exchanger HE is easily manufactured at low cost.

Abstract: A housing forms one portion of a compressor case and supports a bearing for a main shaft has an opening through which gas Is sucked; a suction space extending from the opening to inside of the compressor; a first gas passageway extending from the suction space in the direction of the axis of the main shaft; a second gas passageway connecting the first gas passageway and the space in which the main shaft bearing is disposed. A shell forms the other portion of the compressor case and is fastened to the housing has a third gas passageway connecting the first gas passageway and the internal space of a compression mechanism. The first gas passageway and the third gas passageway are connected to each other further on the outer side of the main shaft in the rotation radius direction than the movable region of the bottom plate of a movable scroll.

Abstract: The heat exchanger HE comprising a case 2 housing a plurality of heat transfer tubes 1 and a header 3 having a hollow main body 30 with an open edge 33. A side wall 21 of the case 2 is provided with a bulging portion 22 having a cylindrical circumferential wall 22a bulging out of the case 2 and an end wall 22b which blocks a tip portion of the circumferential wall 22a. Each end of the heat transfer tubes 1 is inserted into a penetrating hole 22c provided for the end wall 22b of the bulging portion 22, and is jointed to the end wall 22b, and the open edge 33 of the header 3 is fitted onto the circumferential wall 22a of the bulging portion 22, thereby forming a chamber 36 communicating with the inside of each heat transfer tube 1. Therefore, it is possible that the number of the members of the heat exchanger HE is reduced, the configuration is simplified, and the heat exchanger HE is easily manufactured at low cost.

Abstract: In a cooling cycle including a compressor, a gas cooler, a throttling device, and an evaporator, a heat exchanger is arranged between the compressor and the throttling device for carrying out heat exchange through a refrigerant compressed by the compressor.

Abstract: In a cooling cycle including a compressor, a gas cooler, a throttling device, and an evaporator, a heat exchanger is arranged between the compressor and the throttling device for carrying out heat exchange through a refrigerant compressed by the compressor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a western-style flush toilet in which the performance of a component which constitutes a function device is not damaged, and simultaneously, the cleaning performance of a western-style toilet body can be surely improved. The western-style flush toilet includes a western-style toilet body, and a part washing device which is mounted at the rear portion of the western-style toilet body. The part washing device is capable of moving upward in such a manner that at least the rear of a bowl face of the western-style toilet body is exposed. A conceal member for concealing the component or the space which maybe possibly exposed when the part washing device moves upward is mounted.

Abstract: The memory unit stores the correlation of the positional change in the image planes of the projection optical modules in the focusing direction and the light quantity change. The image plane position determination unit finds the positional change value of the image planes of the projection optical modules based on the correlation information that is stored in the memory unit and the information on changes in the amount of light that is emitted to the projection optical modules. The compensation value calculating unit calculates the compensation value corresponding to the change in the amount of curvature in the image planes of the projection optical modules. The compensating unit compensates the change value in conformity with the compensation value. The focus compensation optical system is driven based on the change value that is compensated.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus (1) is generally composed of a principal part (5), a supplementary part (6) and a burner port assembly (3). Four metal plates (7,8,10,11) constituting the principal and supplementary parts (5,6) are pressed to have in them several protuberances and recesses. These metal plates are laid one on another to form in them some hollow spaces and sealed regions. These hollow spaces communicate with each other to form a thin gas passage (22) together with a thick gas passage (73) in this combustion apparatus (1) in such a manner that its condition of thick and thin fuel combustion is rendered more stable.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus (1) with a burner port assembly (3) comprises an elongated first array of main burner ports (53) for jetting and burning a fuel gas mixture of a concentration to make main flames. The combustion apparatus (1) comprises at least one second arrays of auxiliary burner ports (63) for jetting and burning a further fuel gas mixture of a different concentration to make auxiliary flames, wherein the second arrays of said auxiliary burner ports (63) extend along the first array of said main burner ports (53). The burner port assembly (3) is constructed using inner and outer wall segments (52) together with outermost wall segments (52a,52f) or bands (58). One of the bands (58) faces the corresponding one of said outermost segments (52a,52f) so as to define between them collateral burner ports (61a,61b).

Abstract: A combustion apparatus (1) is generally composed of principal part (5), a supplementary part (6) and a burner port assembly (3). Four metal plates (7,8,10,11) constituting the principal and supplementary parts (5,6) are pressed to have in them several protuberances and recesses. These metal plates are laid one on another to form in them some hollow spaces and sealed regions. These hollow spaces communicate with each other to form a thin gas passage (22) together with a thick gas passage (73) in this combustion apparatus (1) in such a manner that its condition of thick and thin fuel combustion is rendered more stable.

Abstract: A combustion apparatus (1) with a burner port assembly (3) comprises an elongated first array of main burner ports (53) for jetting and burning a fuel gas mixture of a concentration to make main flames. The combustion apparatus (1) comprises at least one second arrays of auxiliary burner ports (63) for jetting and burning a further fuel gas mixture of a different concentration to make auxiliary flames, wherein the second arrays of said auxiliary burner ports (63) extend along the first array of said main burner ports (53). The burner port assembly (3) is constructed using inner and outer wall segments (52) together with outermost wall segments (52a,52f) or bands (58). One of the bands (58) faces the corresponding one of said outermost segments (52a,52f) so as to define between them collateral burner ports (61a,61b).

Abstract: The present invention provides a western-style flush toilet in which the performance of a component which constitutes a function device is not damaged, and simultaneously, the cleaning performance of a western-style toilet body can be surely improved. The western-style flush toilet includes a western-style toilet body, and a part washing device which is mounted at the rear portion of the western-style toilet body. The part washing device is capable of moving upward in such a manner that at least the rear of a bowl face of the western-style toilet body is exposed. A conceal member for concealing the component or the space which maybe possibly exposed when the part washing device moves upward is mounted.

Abstract: A cooling cycle with a high-pressure side operating in a supercritical area of refrigerant includes a temperature sensor for sensing a temperature of cooled refrigerant between a gas cooler and an internal heat exchanger, a pressure sensor for sensing a pressure of cooled refrigerant between the two, and a controller for controlling at least one of a compressor and a throttling device in accordance with the sensed temperature and the sensed pressure.