Abstract: An optical system including, in order from an object: a first lens group having positive refractive power; a second lens group having negative refractive power; a third lens group having positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group having negative refractive power. The second lens group has, in order from the object, a front group having negative refractive power and a rear group. In various embodiments, the following conditional expressions are satisfied, 0.4<f2F/f2<1.6 and ?3.0<q2<?0.3 where f2 denotes a focal length of the second lens group, f2F denotes a focal length of the front group, and q2 denotes a form factor of a negative lens disposed closest to the object of the front group.

Abstract: A variable power optical system used in a parallel stereoscopic microscope apparatus includes a plurality of optical paths in which optical axes are arranged substantially parallel, a plurality of lens groups that change the magnification of a diameter of a luminous flux entering substantially parallel to each of the optical paths to eject the luminous flux as substantially parallel luminous fluxes, and at least two lens groups move along the optical axis in each optical path according to the change in the magnification. At least two lens groups of at least one optical path among the plurality of optical paths move in a direction including a component perpendicular to the optical axis according to the change in the magnification at at least part of a section where the magnification is changed from a high-power end state to a low-power end.

Abstract: An imaging optical system is capable of arranging right and left optical systems parallel to each other while maintaining advantages of an inwardly inclined system stereoscopic microscope apparatus including right-eye and left-eye optical paths completely independent of each other, as well as a microscope apparatus including the imaging optical system. The imaging optical systems each include a plurality of lens groups and variable power optical systems. At least one lens group of the plurality of lens groups is arranged such that a center thereof deviates by a predetermined amount in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis, and a second lens group of each of the variable power optical systems is moved in a direction including a component perpendicular to a reference optical axis, in at least part of a power changing section from a high-power end state to a low-power end state.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus configured to enlarge entrance pupils while maintaining the rotational symmetry of optical systems of a plurality of optical paths after ejection of light from an objective lens to bring out the performance of the objective lens. A microscope apparatus includes an objective lens having a function of collecting light from the object; and optical paths in which all lens groups are rotational symmetric systems and through which light exited from the objective lens passes, wherein when a sum of maximum diameters of entrance pupils of optical systems forming any two of the optical paths is set as ?Di, and an axial luminous flux diameter determined from a maximum aperture angle ? and a focal distance f of the objective lens is set as Dobj, a condition of the following expression is satisfied, ?Di>Dobj where Dobj=2·f·sin ?.

Abstract: An electronic device of the present invention includes a plate-shaped stand member rotatably attached to a back surface of the housing, and a holding member capable of holding the stand member at a predetermined upright support angle with respect to the back surface of the housing, wherein the holding member regulates the rotation of the stand member at a predetermined rotation angle exceeding the upright support angle from a stored position with respect to the housing. With such a configuration, an electronic device such as a portable television can be provided, in which a stand is unlikely to be broken even when the electronic device topples over and a pressing force further is applied thereto.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus including an illumination apparatus capable of, regardless of the observation magnification of an imaging optical system, filling the entrance pupil of the imaging optical system with illumination light, and suitably restricting the conjugate image of the entrance pupil of the imaging optical system by a light shielding element. A microscope apparatus is configured by including: an illumination apparatus which includes a surface light emitter (light guide plate) having a light emitting surface as a planar light-emitting region and irradiates a sample with light emitted from the light guide plate; an objective lens which condenses light from the sample; and an imaging optical system which includes a variable power lens group configured to form an image of the sample by changing the magnification of the image of the sample. The illumination apparatus includes a light shielding plate and a light diffusing element.

Abstract: Provided is an imaging optical system that can prevent enlargement of the entire optical system of a microscope apparatus while holding a wide distance between optical axes to allow enlargement to a low-power range. A variable power optical system 3 used in a parallel stereoscopic microscope apparatus 100 and the like includes a plurality of optical paths in which optical axes are arranged substantially parallel, includes a plurality of lens groups that change the magnification of a diameter of a luminous flux entering substantially parallel to each of the optical paths to eject the luminous flux as substantially parallel luminous fluxes, and at least two lens groups move along the optical axis in each optical path according to the change in the magnification.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus configured to enlarge entrance pupils while maintaining the rotational symmetry of optical systems of a plurality of optical paths after ejection of light from an objective lens to bring out the performance of the objective lens. A microscope apparatus includes an objective lens having a function of collecting light from the object; and optical paths in which all lens groups are rotational symmetric systems and through which light exited from the objective lens passes, wherein when a sum of maximum diameters of entrance pupils of optical systems forming any two of the optical paths is set as ?Di, and an axial luminous flux diameter determined from a maximum aperture angle ? and a focal distance f of the objective lens is set as Dobj, a condition of the following expression is satisfied, ?Di>Dobj where Dobj=2·f·sin ?.

Abstract: An optical system including, in order from an object: a first lens group having positive refractive power; a second lens group having negative refractive power; a third lens group having positive refractive power; and a fourth lens group having negative refractive power. The second lens group has, in order from the object, a front group having negative refractive power and a rear group. In various embodiments, the following conditional expressions are satisfied, 0.4<f2F/f2<1.6 and ?3.0<q2<?0.3 where f2 denotes a focal length of the second lens group, f2F denotes a focal length of the front group, and q2 denotes a form factor of a negative lens disposed closest to the object of the front group.

Abstract: A heat insulation sheet (16) covers a temperature fuse (10) arranged on a sealing plate (23) of a rechargeable battery (2) so as to provide a shield from heat of resin that is filled in a gap between the rechargeable battery (2) and a circuit substrate (3) to form a primary mold (11) and to prevent destruction of the temperature fuse (10) caused by the heat.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery (2) and a circuit substrate (3) are connected by lead plates (4, 5) and united by a primary mold (11) that is formed by filling resin therebetween, after which a secondary mold (12) is formed on the outer face by filling resin at necessary locations and a winding sheet (13) is wound around the periphery, thereby forming a battery pack.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound that specifically binds to the base sequence of a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule. The compound can reduce the electrochemical signal/noise ratio (S/N) in electrochemical detection, and as a result, the detection sensitivity (precision) will be greatly improved so as to enable the determination of an ultratrace amount of nucleic acid molecule.

Abstract: A polarization compensation optical system includes: a light source 1 that illuminates a sample 4 with illumination light through a polarizer P, a collector lens 2, a condenser lens 3, an objective lens 5 that converges light from the sample 4 and forms an image through an analyzer A, and a polarization compensation optical element C (C1, C2) that is disposed at least one of a space between the polarizer P and the sample 4, and a space between the sample 4 and the analyzer A, divided into a plurality of areas within an effective diameter, and corrects rotation of polarization direction and phase difference generated by optical elements disposed between the polarizer P and the analyzer A at each area, and the division number of the areas of the polarization compensation optical element C (C1, C2) is 8 or more.

Abstract: A circuit substrate (3) being electrically connected to a rechargeable battery (2) is arranged upon a sealing plate (23) with a gap therebetween and united with the rechargeable battery (2) by filling resin in the gap. A primary mold (11) formed by the resin is firmly retained by undercut portions formed in engaging protrusions (26). The engaging protrusions (26) may be formed by welding separate engaging members (126, 126a, 126b, 126c, 66, 68).

Abstract: An electronic device of the present invention includes a plate-shaped stand member rotatably attached to a back surface of the housing, and a holding member capable of holding the stand member at a predetermined upright support angle with respect to the back surface of the housing, wherein the holding member regulates the rotation of the stand member at a predetermined rotation angle exceeding the upright support angle from a stored position with respect to the housing. With such a configuration, an electronic device such as a portable television can be provided, in which a stand is unlikely to be broken even when the electronic device topples over and a pressing force further is applied thereto.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery (2) and a circuit substrate (3) are connected by lead plates (4, 5) and united by a primary mold (11) that is formed by filling resin therebetween, after which a secondary mold (12) is formed on the outer face by filling resin at necessary locations and a winding sheet (13) is wound around the periphery, thereby forming a battery pack.

Abstract: A rechargeable battery (2) and a circuit substrate (3) are connected by lead plates (4, 5) and united by a primary mold (11) that is formed by filling resin therebetween, after which a secondary mold (12) is formed on the outer face by filling resin at necessary locations and a winding sheet (13) is wound around the periphery, thereby forming a battery pack.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a compound that specifically binds to the base sequence of a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule. The compound can reduce the electrochemical signal/noise ratio (S/N) in electrochemical detection, and as a result, the detection sensitivity (precision) will be greatly improved so as to enable the determination of an ultratrace amount of nucleic acid molecule.

Abstract: A heat insulation sheet (16) covers a temperature fuse (10) arranged on a sealing plate (23) of a rechargeable battery (2) so as to provide a shield from heat of resin that is filled in a gap between the rechargeable battery (2) and a circuit substrate (3) to form a primary mold (11) and to prevent destruction of the temperature fuse (10) caused by the heat.

Abstract: A circuit substrate (3) being electrically connected to a rechargeable battery (2) is arranged upon a sealing plate (23) with a gap therebetween and united with the rechargeable battery (2) by filling resin in the gap. A primary mold (11) formed by the resin is firmly retained by undercut portions formed in engaging protrusions (26). The engaging protrusions (26) may be formed by welding separate engaging members (126, 126a, 126b, 126c, 66, 68).