Abstract: A laser interferometer for inspecting the surface condition of a specimen by irradiating the specimen on a specimen support mechanism with a laser beam projected thereto through a reference plate, and observing the interference fringe produced by interference between reflected light from a reference surface of the reference plate and a surface of the specimen under inspection, the laser interferometer includes: an interferometer housing accommodating therein an optical laser beam guide member and an optical interference fringe imaging member, and is provided with a laser beam guide portion in a wall portion thereof; a laser tube mount member of a cylindrical form projected on the outer side of the housing and positioned in such a manner so as to circumvent the laser guide portion; and a laser tube detachably fitted in the laser tube mount member.

Abstract: A fiber for lateral beaming of a laser beam, wherein an affected portion in a cavity of an internal organ in a living body is irradiated by the laser beam in a through-endoscopic manner. The fiber for lateral beaming of the laser beam is constructed such that a transparent tubular member is coupled to the forward end portion of a fiber through two coating layers, and an anti-reflection coating layer is formed on a laser beam exiting surface of the transparent tubular member. Owing to the anti-reflection coating layer, this fiber for lateral beaming is free from the harmful leaking beam. Since the transparent tubular member is connected to the fiber through the two coating layes, the fiber can avoid being broken.

Abstract: A laser vascular anastomosis apparatus comprising a fiber probe with a conical tip formed at its distal end for transmitting therethrough an applying laser rays to butted vascular ends to be joined. The probe is inserted through the wall of one of vascular ducts to be anastomosed and then the conical tip is positioned inside the butt joint. The conical tip serves to reflect laser rays incident upon its wall once by total internal reflection and then to allow the reflected laser rays to emanate from the tip, passing through the opposite wall thereof so as to form annular sheath of laser rays which are applied to the annular inside wall of the butted portion of the vascular ducts to be anastomosed.

Abstract: A holographic endoscope transmits light to an object and receives and transmits the image of that object. The light transmitted is used to illuminate an object with one of two beams which are derived from a single laser, while the image received is transmitted from the object. The light from the image transmitted passes through a field lens, and a second beam or reference beam is made to interfere with this light. The resulting interference pattern is recorded on a photographic plate, forming the hologram.

Abstract: A camera finder capable of indicating a view field frame for determining the range of photographing and a target mark for showing a desired focus adjusting portion. Interposed between an objective lens and an eye lens in this finder are holograms having recorded thereon view field frames and a target mark. The hologram is irradiated by a reference beam or beams, whereby the view field frame and the target mark are regenerated. In the hologram, there are recorded a first view field frame in which a parallax is corrected in the long-medium distance and a second view field frame in which a parallex is corrected in the short distance. A beam source for regenerating each view field frame is selected in accordance with an object distance, whereby a view field frame corresponding to the object distance is regenerated. The parallax can be corrected as described above.

Abstract: A laser beam emitted from a laser is divided into a plurality of beams and the divided beams are introduced into respective fiberoptics. Each beam is transmitted through the corresponding fiberoptic and projected from the exit face of the fiberoptic, where the beams are synthesized to form a light spot. The affected part of a patient to be treated is exposed to the light spot.

Abstract: A method for cutting a specific layer of a synthetic resin laminated film comprising at least two kinds of closely laminated synthetic resin material film layers having spectral absorption characteristics different from each other, which comprisesplacing the focus of a laser ray having a wavelength that enables the laser ray to be absorbed by the specific film layer to be cut and transmitted through the film layer not to be cut, on said specific film layer directly or through the other transmitting film layer; andmoving the focus of the laser ray on the plane of said specific film layer, moving said specific film layer on the plane of said specific film layer under a stationary laser focus, or forcing the focus and said specific film layer, respectively, to move in conjunction, keeping the focus on the plane of said specific film layer, whereby said specific film layer only will be selectively cut along the predetermined line or curve.

Abstract: A slit image extending in the lateral direction of a travelling object is projected onto the surface of the object from one direction by means of a projection lens. The slit image formed on the object is then projected by means of an image focusing optical system onto a grid to make a light section moire element. The optical axis of the image focusing optical system is different from that of the projection lens employed in the slit image forming optical system. The light section moire element is enlarged in the lateral direction by means of a condenser lens and an anamorphic lens and focused on another slit. Behind the slit is located a film to record a line of light spots which represent the surface irregularity of the object. The film is fed in synchronization with the travel of the object so that the surface irregularities of the object may be recorded on the film in the form of contour lines.

Abstract: A line image of uniform brightness is obtained from laser beam in spite of its Gaussian distribution of intensity about its optical axis by taking advantage of the fact that the intensity distribution is symmetrical. A laser beam emitted from a laser is diverged into a flat beam by means of a cylindrical lens. The flat beam is divided into two portions along a line passing normal to the flat beam through its optical axis. The two portions are projected onto the surface to be illuminated and superimposed thereon to form a line image cooperatively with each other. The two portions are superimposed so that the maximum intensity area of one portion falls on the minimum intensity area of the other.

Abstract: A moire contour map of a three-dimensional object is obtained by a moire contour measuring system. The moire contour map is used for making a profiling model to be used in a profiling machine to make a number of plates having configurations corresponding to the contour lines of the moire contour map. The number of plates prepared by the profiling machine are stacked to form a stack of plates having a contour approximately equivalent to the contour of the original three-dimensional object. The stacked plates are bound together and a surface smoothing cover or a filling agent is applied on the surface of the stacked plates to form a replica of the object.

Abstract: An instrument for measuring the amplitude of vibration of a vibrating object consists of a first optical system for periodically projecting the image of a grating onto the vibrating object and second optical system having an optical axis intersecting that of the first optical system in the vicinity of the object, for sharing the image projected on and reflected from the object and recording the shared image on a photographic film. The measurement of the amplitude is obtained in the form of a moire pattern.

Abstract: A slit image extending in the lateral direction of a travelling object is projected onto the surface of the object from one direction by means of a projection lens. The slit image formed on the object is then projected by means of an image focusing optical system onto a grid to make a light section moire element. The optical axis of the image focusing optical system is different from that of the projection lens employed in the slit image forming optical system. The light section moire element is enlarged in the lateral direction by means of a condenser lens and an anamorphic lens and focused on another slit. Behind the slit is located a film to record a line of light spots which represent the surface irregularity of the object. The film is fed in synchronization with the travel of the object so that the surface irregularities of the object may be recorded on the film in the form of contour lines.

Abstract: A light beam is periodically chopped and then converted to a plane of light by a cylindrical lens. As the plane of light is chopped, it is caused to scan an object in the direction normal to the plane of the light to form a grating pattern on the object. The image of the grating formed on the object is superposed with a standard grating to obtain a moire pattern which represents the moire contour lines of the object.

Abstract: A color hologram is recorded on a holographic recording material sequentially by use of different color coherent light beams with a stripe filter placed on the recording material and moved by a length equal to the width of the transparent stripes of the filter for each different color laser beam. The color holographic image recorded is therefore composed of stripes of different color component arranged side by side in a fixed order. The color holographic image is reconstructed by exposing the hologram simultaneously to different color reference light beams through stripe filters inserted in the respective reference light beams.

Abstract: An encoder for converting a distance to an electric signal is connected with a computer to put a distance signal into the computer. Th encoder is put on a moire pattern obtained by interference between a standard grating and a deformed image of the standard grating deformed by the surface of a three dimensional object. The distance between moire fringes is put into the computer. The computer is supplied with a signal indicting whether the surface is convex or concave. The depth or height of a point on the moire pattern is calculated by the computer, and a contour of the three dimensional object is obtained. An X-Y recorder is connected with the computer to draw the contour of the object.