Abstract: A powder/granular material spreader that allows easy cleaning of a passage for powder/granular material includes a housing that houses motors, a passage that extends through the housing and provides a passage for the powder/granular material, a roller provided in the passage to feed the powder/granular material and that is driven by one of the motors, and a spinner driven by the motor to spread the powder/granular material. The passage includes an integral first wall that shields the motor from the passage, an integral second wall that shields the motor from the passage, and an opening located at an inlet of the passage. The opening is integral with the first wall and the second wall. The housing includes an integral cover that covers tops and sides of the motors, and fits over an outer surface of the opening. A seal is provided at a location where the opening and the cover are connected with each other.

Abstract: A powder/granular material spreader that allows easy cleaning of a passage for powder/granular material includes a housing that houses motors, a passage that extends through the housing and provides a passage for the powder/granular material, a roller provided in the passage to feed the powder/granular material and that is driven by one of the motors, and a spinner driven by the motor to spread the powder/granular material. The passage includes an integral first wall that shields the motor from the passage, an integral second wall that shields the motor from the passage, and an opening located at an inlet of the passage. The opening is integral with the first wall and the second wall. The housing includes an integral cover that covers tops and sides of the motors, and fits over an outer surface of the opening. A seal is provided at a location where the opening and the cover are connected with each other.

Abstract: A toroidal core automatic winding apparatus has a winding ring positioned concentrically around a supply ring. The rings are C-shaped, by virtue of a through-slit on each ring. Wire wound on the supply ring is drawn out towards a toroidal core, via a wire guide on the winding ring. A ring rotation mechanism rotates the supply ring and winding ring in the same direction as that in which the supply ring was rotated when being loaded with the wire, but at mutually different speeds, to wind the wire around the toroidal core. The difference in the rotation amounts of the supply ring and winding ring equals the length of the wire that is wound on the toroidal core.

Abstract: A toroidal core automatic winding apparatus has a winding ring positioned concentrically around a supply ring. The rings are C-shaped, by virtue of a through-slit on each ring. Wire wound on the supply ring is drawn out towards a toroidal core, via a wire guide on the winding ring. A ring rotation mechanism rotates the supply ring and winding ring in the same direction as that in which the supply ring was rotated when being loaded with the wire, but at mutually different speeds, to wind the wire around the toroidal core. The difference in the rotation amounts of the supply ring and winding ring equals the length of the wire that is wound on the toroidal core.

Abstract: There is disclosed a direct-heated cathode structure which comprises an insulating substrate; a pair of conductive supporting rods penetrating the substrate in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the substrate and fixed tightly to the substrate; and a conductive member made of a single metal plate and including a first portion which is arranged in a plane spaced apart from the surface of the substrate by a predetermined distance and substantially parallel to the surface of the substrate and is coated with an electron emissive material, second portions which are extended from the first portion in the above-mentioned parallel plane substantially symmetrically with respect to the first portion, third portions which are extended from the end of extension of each of the second portions in the direction substantially perpendicular to the surface of the substrate toward the substrate, and fourth portions which are extended from the ends of the third portions in the direction substantially par