Abstract: An outer surface rubber portion is formed to cover the entire axially outer surface of a metal core. An inner surface rubber portion is formed with a circular annular opening through which the axially inner surface of the metal core is exposed on the same circumference passing on the radially outer side of minute protrusions; and circular arc-shaped openings through which the axially inner surface of the metal core is exposed on the same circumference passing on the radially inner side of the minute protrusions.

Abstract: A rolling bearing includes a plurality of balls and two raceway members. The balls and the raceway members have contact surfaces. In at least either of balls and raceway members, a superficial part is formed in a region from the contact surface to a depth of 20 ?m. Of the balls and the raceway members, the member in which a superficial part is formed in the contact surface is made of steel that has been quenched. A raceway surface which is a contact surface of the raceway member is a partial arc in a sectional view that passes a central axis of the rolling bearing and is parallel with the central axis. The diameter of the partial arc is greater than or equal to 1.01 times and less than or equal to 1.08 times the diameter of the ball.

Abstract: The adhesiveness of a treatment target made of a fluorine-based hard-to-adhere material is improved. A process gas containing any one or two or more among carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, water vapor, ethanol, propanol, hexanol, ethylene glycol, and ammonia is supplied from a process gas supply unit 10 to a plasma generation unit 20. In the plasma generation unit 20, the process gas is activated by plasma and is brought into contact with a treatment target 9, and through a reaction caused by the contact, the residual ratio of fluorine atoms on a surface of the treatment target 9 is adjusted to 60% or less of that before the contact, and any one among a carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, and an oxygen atom, or a molecule containing one or more of these atoms is provided to the surface of the treatment target.

Abstract: It is an objective of the present invention to suppress or prevent damages to a metal layer when a surface of a substrate having an easily oxidizable metal layer formed therein is dry-processed and subsequently wet-cleaned. In a dry-processing part 10, a reducing gaseous fluid containing a reducing component is brought into contact with an easily oxidizable metal layer 93 on a surface of a workpiece substrate 90 and the reducing gaseous fluid is activated generally concurrently with the contacting. Subsequently, the workpiece substrate 90 is moved on to a wet-cleaning part 20 and cleaned with cleaning liquid 29.