Abstract: A material for formation of carbon dioxide external preparation of the present invention comprises a base agent and a reactant. The base agent comprises a polymeric three-dimensional network structure impregnated with a viscous material containing at least an acid and water, and is made to contact with the skin in use. The reactant contains at least a carbonate, and contacts with the aforementioned viscous material in use so as to generate carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide dissolving in the viscous material substantially in a non-bubble state.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a base substrate made of silicon, a cap substrate and a leading electrode having a metal part. The base substrate has base semiconductor regions being insulated and separated from each other at a predetermined portion of a surface layer thereof. The cap substrate is bonded to the predetermined portion of the surface layer of the base substrate. The leading electrode has a first end connected to one of the plurality of base semiconductor regions of the base substrate and extends through the cap substrate such that a second end of the leading electrode is located adjacent to a surface of the cap substrate for allowing an electrical connection with an external part, the surface being opposite to a bonding surface at which the base substrate and the cap substrate are bonded. The leading electrode defines a groove between an outer surface thereof and the cap substrate.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a fixing device includes: a heating member configured to heat a toner image formed on a recording medium; a pressing member configured to come into press contact with the heating member and nip and convey a sheet in cooperation with the heating member; a first heat generation source configured to heat the heating member; a second heat generation source configured to heat the pressing member; a measured-temperature-information acquiring unit configured to acquire measured temperature information concerning measured temperatures of the heating member and the pressing member; a target specifying unit configured to specify, using the measured temperature information acquired by the measured-temperature-information acquiring unit, the heating member or the pressing member as a member, the measured temperature of which is equal to or lower than predetermined temperature and a temperature difference between the measured temperature and the predetermined temperature of which is larger; an

Abstract: A region divided substrate includes a substrate, a plurality of trenches, a conductive layer, and an insulating member. The substrate has a first surface and a second surface opposed to each other. The trenches penetrate the substrate from the first surface to the second surface and divide the substrate into a plurality of partial regions. The conductive layer is disposed on a sidewall of each of the trenches from a portion adjacent to the first surface to a portion adjacent to the second surface. The conductive layer has an electric conductivity higher than an electric conductivity of the substrate. The insulating member fills each of the trenches through the conductive layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbon dioxide external administration device according to which assured cosmetic and medical effects can be readily obtained. This administration device comprises a sealing enclosure member capable of sealing a body surface from the outside air, a supply means for supplying carbon dioxide into the inside of the sealing enclosure member, and an absorption aid that assists transdermal or transmucosal absorption of the carbon dioxide inside the sealing enclosure member. The administration device may further have a carbon dioxide amount indicator that expands upon carbon dioxide being supplied into the sealing enclosure member, and contracts by the decrease of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Compositions for preparing external carbon dioxide agents comprising a granular material containing a water-soluble acid(s), a thickener(s) and a water-soluble dispersant(s) as the essential components wherein the thickener(s) is (are) mixed with the water-soluble acid(s) and the water-soluble dispersant(s), and a viscous material, which consists of a carbonate(s), water and a thickener(s) as essential components; to be mixed with the said granular material at use, by which an external carbon dioxide agent can be prepared easily in a short period of time. The prepared external carbon dioxide agent, containing much carbon dioxide evenly all over, has sufficient viscosity and can form a coating film on the surface in contact with air, therefore the diffusion of carbon dioxide is suppressed, the applied agent does not droop and its thickness is not reduced when applied to skin or mucosa; and the agent shows potent and quick cosmetic and medical effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nucleic acid external skin formulation having a high skin permeability and which is prepared from a polymeric nucleic acid having a high molecular weight and sodium alginate. The nucleic acid external skin formulation is highly skin permeable and delivers its active ingredient nucleic acid to the affected area efficiently. The nucleic acid used may be smaller in amount, and thus, the formulation is also superior in safety and cost. The working mechanism thereof is different from that of the low-molecular weight compounds currently used as an active ingredient for skin anti-inflammatory agents, and thus, the formulation may be applicable to cases where such low-molecular weight medicines are less effective.

Abstract: A carbon dioxide external administration device (1) according to the present invention, comprises a sealing enclosure member (2) capable of sealing off a body surface of a human or an animal from the outside air; a supply unit (3) for supplying carbon dioxide to the inside of the sealing enclosure member (2); and a perspiration promoting means (4) for promoting perspiration at the body surface inside the sealing enclosure member (2).

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first semiconductor substrate, a second semiconductor substrate, and a sealing member. The first semiconductor substrate has a surface and includes a sensing portion on the surface side. The sensing portion has a movable portion. The first semiconductor substrate and the second semiconductor substrate are bonded together to form a stacked substrate. The stacked substrate defines a hermetically sealed space for accommodating the sensing portion between the first and second semiconductor substrates. The stacked substrate further defines a recess extending between the first semiconductor substrate and the second semiconductor substrate to penetrate an interface between the first semiconductor substrate and the second semiconductor substrate. The sealing member is located in the recess.

Abstract: Use of a carbon dioxide-supplying means for muscle strengthening makes it possible conveniently to strengthen a target muscle within a short period of time merely by allowing the target site to absorb carbon dioxide without loading any mechanical burden on the target muscle. By loading a mechanical burden on the target muscle, the muscle strengthening effect can be further enhanced and an additional effect of promoting the recovery from muscle fatigue can be achieved owing to the mechanical burden. By using the carbon dioxide-supplying means for muscle strengthening as described above, it is also possible to increase cattle meat.

Abstract: A skin composition for external use containing an acidic composition (A) which contains an alginate(s), at least one of weak acid selected from among phosphoric acid-type weak acids and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-type weak acids, and water; and a solidifying/gelling agent (B) containing a calcium salt(s) which is to be supplied to the acidic composition (A) sticking to the skin surface. In some cases, the skin composition for external use further includes an absorbent to be impregnated with the acidic composition (A).

Abstract: Silicon particles in waste liquid can be highly efficiently separated with inexpensive equipment to be reused as raw material for production of a single-crystal silicon ingot.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes: a pressing roller having a heating device therein; a metal roller having a core bar of metal; and a fixing roller that is set in contact with the pressing roller across a fixing belt wound around the fixing roller and the metal roller, has the width of the center portion formed in a cylindrical shape smaller than the width of the pressing roller, and has, at both ends, small-diameter rollers having a diameter smaller than the diameter of the center portion. Since stress is not applied to both ends of the fixing belt, the durable life of the fixing belt is extended.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carbon dioxide external administration device according to which assured cosmetic and medical effects can be readily obtained. This administration device comprises a sealing enclosure member capable of sealing a body surface from the outside air, a supply means for supplying carbon dioxide into the inside of the sealing enclosure member, and an absorption aid that assists transdermal or transmucosal absorption of the carbon dioxide inside the sealing enclosure member. The administration device may further have a carbon dioxide amount indicator that expands upon carbon dioxide being supplied into the sealing enclosure member, and contracts by the decrease of carbon dioxide.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nucleic acid external skin formulation having high skin permeability, which is prepared from a polymeric nucleic acid which has high molecular weight and sodium alginate. The nucleic acid external skin formulation is highly skin permeable and delivers its active ingredient nucleic acid to the affected area efficiently. The nucleic acid used may be smaller in amount, and thus, the formulation is also superior in safety and cost. The working mechanism thereof is different from that of the low-molecular weight compounds currently used as an active ingredient for skin anti-inflammatory agents, and thus, the formulation may be applicable to cases where such low-molecular weight medicines are less effective.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a composition for preparing a carbon dioxide external preparation characterized by comprising a substance generating an acid after being hydrolyzed, a carbonate, a thickener and water as essential components, and a composition for preparing a carbon dioxide external preparation characterized by comprising the essential components above, a gelating agent being gelated by a calcium ion and a water-insoluble or poorly soluble calcium salt. According to the invention, the carbon dioxide external preparation, which contains sufficient amount of carbon dioxide, from which the carbon dioxide is absorbed transdermally or transmucosally in a sustained manner, and which has a more potent cosmetic or medical effect, can be easily prepared. In addition, the composition for preparing a carbon dioxide external preparation with a low cost can be provided.