Abstract: A power supply apparatus that receives electric power from a power generation apparatus having a varying output and supplies electric power to an outside, the apparatus comprising: a power storage device that has a larger amount by which electric power is stored and/or a lower self-discharge rate than a capacitor device used as a passive device and also has higher charge and discharge efficiency and/or higher responsiveness than a secondary battery, the power storage device receiving electric power from the power generation apparatus and discharging electric power to the outside; a current control unit that controls a current supplied from the power storage device to the outside; and a control unit that controls a current and a voltage of the power generation apparatus by charging and discharging the power storage device so as to maximize an amount of power generation by the power generation apparatus.

Abstract: A power source system includes: a power storage device; a switch portion for connecting or disconnecting the power storage device to or from outside; a converter for converting electric power output from a power generation apparatus into external power; and a control unit for controlling a connection or disconnection operation of the switch portion, in which the control unit is for: disconnecting, when an output current of the power generation apparatus is low current, connection between the power storage device and the outside to charge the power storage device with the electric power output from the power generation apparatus; and controlling, when a voltage of the power storage device becomes higher than an operating voltage of the converter as a result of the charging, the connection or disconnection operation of the switch portion so as to connect the power storage device and the converter to output the stored electric power.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus that receives electric power from a power generation apparatus having a varying output and supplies electric power to an outside, the apparatus comprising: a power storage device that has a larger amount by which electric power is stored and/or a lower self-discharge rate than a capacitor device used as a passive device and also has higher charge and discharge efficiency and/or higher responsiveness than a secondary battery, the power storage device receiving electric power from the power generation apparatus and discharging electric power to the outside; a current control unit that controls a current supplied from the power storage device to the outside; and a control unit that controls a current and a voltage of the power generation apparatus by charging and discharging the power storage device so as to maximize an amount of power generation by the power generation apparatus.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing a platinum black material, without using an expensive and rare material, which is excellent in CO poisoning inhibiting effect, H2S poisoning inhibiting effect, SO4 poisoning inhibiting effect and HCHO poisoning inhibiting effect, and a method for fluorinating platinum black. The platinum black material is characterized by fluorine adsorbed on its surface. The method for fluorinating platinum black is characterized by allowing platinum black to stand in a mixed gas atmosphere of n inert gas and fluorine in a low-pressure chamber to make fluorine adsorbed on the surface of the platinum black.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing a platinum black material, without using an expensive and rare material, which is excellent in CO poisoning inhibiting effect, H2S poisoning inhibiting effect, SO4 poisoning inhibiting effect and HCHO poisoning inhibiting effect, and a method for fluorinating platinum black. The platinum black material is characterized by fluorine adsorbed on its surface. The method for fluorinating platinum black is characterized by allowing platinum black to stand in a mixed gas atmosphere of n inert gas and fluorine in a low-pressure chamber to make fluorine adsorbed on the surface of the platinum black.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing a platinum black material, without using an expensive and rare material, which is excellent in CO poisoning inhibiting effect, H2S poisoning inhibiting effect, SO4 poisoning inhibiting effect and HCHO poisoning inhibiting effect, and a method for fluorinating platinum black. The platinum black material is characterized by fluorine adsorbed on its surface. The method for fluorinating platinum black is characterized by allowing platinum black to stand in a mixed gas atmosphere of n inert gas and fluorine in a low-pressure chamber to make fluorine adsorbed on the surface of the platinum black.

Abstract: A steel pipe blank having a composition containing 0.5% or less C and 85% or more Fe in terms of mass percent is heated, and stretch-reducing is then performed so that the diameter decrease ratio is 15% or more and the rolling finishing temperature is (the Ar3 transformation point?10)° C. or lower. Consequently, a structure in which the ratio of X-ray diffraction intensity obtained from the plane in which the <100> direction of crystal grains is preferentially oriented parallel to the circumference direction and the <011> direction of crystal grains is preferentially oriented parallel to the rolling direction of the steel pipe to that obtained for a three-dimensionally randomly oriented sample is 3.0 or more is formed, and the r-value is increased, thereby improving the magnetic properties of the steel pipe.

Abstract: The invention aims at providing a platinum black material, without using an expensive and rare material, which is excellent in CO poisoning inhibiting effect, H2S poisoning inhibiting effect, SO4 poisoning inhibiting effect and HCHO poisoning inhibiting effect, and a method for fluorinating platinum black. The platinum black material is characterized by fluorine adsorbed on its surface. The method for fluorinating platinum black is characterized by allowing platinum black to stand in a mixed gas atmosphere of n inert gas and fluorine in a low-pressure chamber to make fluorine adsorbed on the surface of the platinum black.

Abstract: A steel pipe with good magnetic properties and a method of producing the same are proposed. Specific solutions are as follows. A steel pipe blank having a composition containing 0.5% or less C and 85% or more Fe in terms of mass percent is heated, and stretch-reducing is then performed so that the diameter decrease ratio is 15% or more and the rolling finishing temperature is (the Ar3 transformation point ?10)° C. or lower. Consequently, a structure in which the ratio of X-ray diffraction intensity obtained from the plane in which the <100> direction of crystal grains is preferentially oriented parallel to the circumference direction and the <011> direction of crystal grains is preferentially oriented parallel to the rolling direction of the steel pipe to that obtained for a three-dimensionally randomly oriented sample is 3.0 or more is formed, and the r-value is increased, thereby improving the magnetic properties of the steel pipe.

Abstract: A fuel cell, which has a tubular polymer electrolyte membrane, with a fuel electrode on one of inner and outer sides of the membrane, and with an air electrode on the other side of the membrane, wherein at least one of the fuel electrode and the air electrode is composed of carbon fibers on which a catalyst is loaded.

Abstract: A fuel cell, which has a tubular polymer electrolyte membrane, with a fuel electrode on one of inner and outer sides of the membrane, and with an air electrode on the other side of the membrane, wherein at least one of the fuel electrode and the air electrode is composed of carbon fibers on which a catalyst is loaded.

Abstract: A fuel cell, which has a tubular polymer electrolyte membrane, with a fuel electrode on one of inner and outer sides of the membrane, and with an air electrode on the other side of the membrane.

Abstract: A low-iron-loss grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet is provided with the multiplicity of linear grooves formed in a surface thereof to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of rolling of the steel sheet at a predetermined pitch in the direction of rolling, and a multiplicity of linear high dislocation density regions introduced to extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of rolling of the steel sheet at a predetermined pitch in the direction of rolling. The pitches l.sub.1 and l.sub.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a grain-oriented silicon steel sheet having excellent and stable magnetic characteristics which includes the steps of subjecting a silicon steel slab to hot rolling to form a hot-rolled sheet, cold rolling the hot-rolled sheet at least once with intermediate annealings between successive cold rollings to form a cold-roiled sheet, and thereafter primary recrystallization annealing the cold-rolled sheet to form a primary recrystallized sheet. The primary recrystallized sheet is then final finish annealed, which includes a secondary recrystallization annealing and a purifying annealing during which the steel slab is coated with an annealing separator. The coercive force of the primary recrystallized steel sheet is controlled to a predetermined range before the start of secondary recrystallization.

Abstract: The residual energy of a battery can accurately be displayed in real time even in electronic equipment which has greatly variable current consumption. A calculator unit in a battery pack measures an electric current supplied from a battery in the battery pack to the main body of a notebook type personal computer. If the measured current value is within a preselected range, it is used to calculate the residual energy of the battery. If the measured current value is out of the preselected range, the present operational mode of the main computer body is determined by mode display data obtained from an operational mode control circuit in the main computer body. A preselected current consumption corresponding to the judged operational mode is read out of a mode table in the battery pack and is used to calculate the residual energy of the battery. The calculated residual power of the battery is supplied to the operational mode control circuit as residual energy data which may be displayed on a sub LCD in real time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a structural component for constituting a reactor core comprising one and the other metallic members arranged adjacent to each other in a reactor, and reduction means for reducing a difference in the swelling between the metallic members due to neutron irradiation thereto; a core of the reactor comprising a plurality of such constructural element; and a method for operating a reactor having metallic tubular members arranged in a core of the reactor and each enclosing a plurality of metallic cladding tubes in each of which substance heated by neutron irradiation thereto and cooled by passing coolant through the reactor core is filled, wherein the reactor is operated under a condition that an average used temperature of the cladding tubes is higher than an irradiation temperature that the swelling rate of the cladding material due to neutron irradiation thereto becomes maximum and an average used temperature of the tubular members is lower than an irradiation temperature that the