Abstract: A programmable electronic calculator operates in a programming mode, wherein a desired optional program is introduced into the programmable electronic calculator, or in a run mode wherein the stored program is executed. The introduced optional program is stored in a read/write memory (RAM). A mode selection switch is provided on a keyboard for selectively placing the programmable electronic calculator in the run mode or the programming mode. When a lock command is introduced through the keyboard, the mode selection switch is disabled so that the programmable electronic calculator will not be placed in the programming mode, thereby protecting the optional program stored in the read/write memory (RAM) from being unintentionally erased.

Abstract: A display device for a programmable electronic calculator comprises an input device for inputting the contents of a display to be displayed in the display device, a sheltering display memory for storing the contents of the previous display for sheltering when the display device is adapted to provide a new display, and a circuit for extracting the contents of the sheltering display memory so that the display device displays the contents sheltered, again.

Abstract: An arrangement of a liquid crystal display unit includes a display panel having a plurality of terminals, a plurality of flexible films made of electrically nonconductive material and an LSI chip bonded into each flexible film. A plurality of electrodes are deposited on each film, with the films being provided in association with the display panel to electrically connect each LSI chip with the display panel terminals.

Abstract: An electronic-type computer in which programs may be entered from a key entry device into a Random Access Memory in which they are stored, and those programs may be read out from the contents of that Random Access Memory and executed, while, in addition, programs may be written and stored ahead of time in a Read Only Memory, and those programs may be read out from the contents of that Read Only Memory and directly executed. The previously written and stored programs in the expandable ROM do not utilize the RAM user program area, and the large volume of programs contained within the expandable ROM can be directly executed. In addition, the user programs and the programs in the expandable ROM may be linked together and executed. Furthermore, it is unnecessary to give instructions for the programs in the expandable ROM to be transferred to the RAM.

Abstract: A memory module is provided for read/writing a program. The memory module is connected to a programmable device including a programmable electronic calculator, a personal computer, a computer, or a word processing device such as a word processor and a language dictionary. A switch is provided for selectively supplying read/write control signals to the memory module. The memory module includes a plurality of memory areas which may be selectively disconnected from the read/write control signals to prevent reading/writing therein.

Abstract: A programmable electronic calculator includes two cassette tape recorders as peripheral system. An optional program or a data processed by the programmable electronic calculator is introduced into and recorded on a first cassette tape recorder. The first cassette tape recorder reproduces the optional program recorded therein upon request from the programmable electronic calculator. A second cassette tape recorder carries an audible message for operation guidance purposes. An interface circuit is provided in the programmable electronic calculator for independently controlling the operation of the first and second cassette tape recorders.

Abstract: A programmable synthetic-speech calculator or micro computer operable in either a normal calculation mode or a program mode releases a sound in response to actuation of keys on a keyboard only when the calculator operates in the program mode.