Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for synthesizing ionic liquids from lignin. Methods and compositions are also provided for treating lignin with ionic liquids.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for synthesizing ionic liquids from lignin. Methods and compositions are also provided for treating lignin with ionic liquids.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for synthesizing ionic liquids from lignin derived compounds comprising: contacting a starting material comprising lignin with a depolymerization agent to depolymerize the lignin and form a mixture of aldehyde containing compounds; contacting the mixture of aldehyde containing compounds with an amine under conditions suitable to convert the mixture of aldehyde containing compounds to a mixture of amine containing compounds; and contacting the mixture of amine containing compounds with an acid under conditions suitable to form an ammonium salt, thereby preparing the ionic liquid.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for synthesizing ionic liquids from lignin derived compounds comprising: contacting a starting material comprising lignin with a depolymerization agent to depolymerize the lignin and form a mixture of aldehyde containing compounds; contacting the mixture of aldehyde containing compounds with an amine under conditions suitable to convert the mixture of aldehyde containing compounds to a mixture of amine containing compounds; and contacting the mixture of amine containing compounds with an acid under conditions suitable to form an ammonium salt, thereby preparing the ionic liquid.

Abstract: A gripper assembly for a coiled tubing injector is provided. The assembly comprises a gripper block coupled to a carrier at a working position using complementary mating structures. The assembly further comprises a releasable locking structure which secures the gripper block to the carrier at the working position and prevents displacement of the gripper block from the carrier during operation. In a locking position of the locking structure, at least one component of the locking structure extends between the carrier and the gripper block to contact a receiving component in the carrier or the gripper block for preventing decoupling of the gripper block from the working position. A release tool for actuating the locking structure to a released position for disengaging the gripper block from the carrier is also provided.