Abstract: Improved surfactants and functional fluids are prepared by reacting a monofunctional initiator with an alkylene carbonate or with an alkylene oxide and carbon dioxide to form polyether polycarbonate materials. As surfactants, the resulting materials exhibit reduced foaming characteristics as compared to other nonionic surfactants. The viscosity-temperature relationships, flash points and pour points make them useful as functional fluids.

Abstract: A non-catalytic procedure for reacting polyoxyalkyleneamines with alkylene oxides in the presence of 5 to 15 wt. % water is described. With this inventive procedure the addition of the oxides may be done quickly and at the surprisingly low temperature of between 75 and 85.degree. C. The proportion of tertiary amine in the resulting product ranges between 90 and 100% indicating essentially total alkoxylation. This technique is particularly suitable for propoxylation which is difficult to achieve by conventional means.

Abstract: A novel class of aromatic polyester polycarbonates is described. The polycarbonates are made by reacting an alkylene carbonate with an aromatic polyester polyol over a polycarbonate formation catalyst such as potassium stannate. In turn, the polyol is made by esterifying a dibasic acid waste stream with an alkylene glycol to produce a polyester polyol which is subsequently used to transesterify recycled polyethylene terephthalate.

Abstract: A non-catalytic procedure for reacting polyoxyalkyleneamines with alkylene oxides in the presence of 5 to 15 wt. % water is described. With this inventive procedure the addition of the oxides may be done quickly and at the surprisingly low temperature of between 75.degree. and 85.degree. C. The proportion of tertiary amine in the resulting product is less than 90%, indicating partial alkoxylation. This technique is particularly suitable for propoxylation which is difficult to achieve by conventional means.

Abstract: High load bearing flexible polyurethane foams are made using novel polyether polyols which may be made by alkoxylating a mixture of initiators. The initiator mixture is made up of about 60 to 90 wt. % of a partially alkoxylated trifunctional initiator and 10 to 40 wt. % of a secondary partially alkoxylated initiator having an active hydrogen functionality of from 4 to 8. Preferably, the alkylene oxide component to be reacted with the initiator mixture is a blend of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.

Abstract: Economical, open-celled packaging foams of better quality than foams from commercial aromatic polyester polyols may be prepared with a novel polyol blend. The most important component in the polyol blend is an aromatic polyester polyol made from dibasic acid waste streams and recycled polyethylene terephthalate. This type of polyol made from waste or recycled reactant streams is economical to make and serves as an inexpensive substitute for a portion of more expensive amino polyols normally used.

Abstract: High-resilience polyurethane foams made from polyols which are alkylene oxide adducts of alkylenediamines have been found to have surprisingly improved resistance to shrinkage. These foams have particular utility as seating support because they can be molded with good processing characteristics yet contain open cells and resist shrinkage. It is preferred that the polyols used be based on ethylenediamine.

Abstract: A polyester polymer polyol made by the reaction of a polyester polycarbonate, a polyether polyol and an organic polyisocyanate is described. The polyester polycarbonate may have a molecular weight of about 250 to 1,000. The polyether polyol may have a molecular weight of about 3,000 to 8,000. This polyester polymer polyol may be used in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams which are characterized by good load bearing properties as well as good water absorption and retention properties. Foams made from these polymer polyols show a lesser tendency to yellow than those made from prior art polyols and polymer polyols.

Abstract: A process for recovering bitumem from oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is disclosed wherein water soluble demulsifiers are used. These demulsifiers are water soluble polyethers prepared by the reaction between certain diepoxides and poly(ethyleneoxy) glycols. To resolve the bituminous petroleum emulsions, the process is carried out between 25.degree. and 160.degree. C. wherein the demulsifier of the invention is contacted with the bituminous emulsion.

Abstract: A process for recovering bitumen from oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions is disclosed wherein water soluble demulsifiers are used. These demulsifiers are water soluble salts of polymers prepared by the reaction between certain polyoxyalkylene diamines with diepoxides. To resolve the bituminous petroleum emulsions, the process is carried out between 25.degree. and 160.degree. C. wherein the demulsifier of the invention is contacted with the bituminous emulsion.

Abstract: The modification of rigid amino polyols by their reaction with epoxy resin and alkylene oxides is described. The modified polyols produce rigid polyurethane foams that have higher heat distortion temperatures and better low temperature properties than foams made with nonmodified polyols. The viscosities of the epoxy resin-modified amino polyols are not significantly different than those of the prior art amino polyols although they are of a higher functionality.

Abstract: The modification of polyether polyols by their reaction with epoxy resin and alkylene oxides is described. The modified polyols of 2000 to 7000 molecular weight produce flexible polyurethane foams that have higher load bearing properties than foams made with nonmodified polyols. The ability of a modified polyol to make a higher load bearing foam is related to the position in the polyol chain the epoxy resin is added.

Abstract: The invention is a method for making reaction injection molded polyurethane of improved properties. The product comprises the reaction product of a high molecular weight amine based polyol, a low molecular weight active hydrogen containing compound of at least two functionality, a polyisocyanate and suitable additional catalysts. Reaction injection molded elastomers are useful as molded articles of commerce including, but not limited to, vehicle body parts.

Abstract: A method of eliminating color-causing impurities in mixtures of t-butyl alkylphenols by treatment with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxazolidine at 90.degree. C. and at atmospheric pressure is described. These phenols are used as peroxide inhibitors in polyoxyalkylene glycols for polyurethane foams. Discoloration of the polyol occurs if the phenol mixture is not treated with N-(2-hydroxyethyl)oxazolidine. The t-butyl alkylphenol mixture is derived from an alkylphenol made over an acid catalyst.

Abstract: The modification of polyether polyols by their reaction with epoxy resin and alkylene oxides is described. The modified polyols of 2000 to 7000 molecular weight produce flexible polyurethane foams that have higher load bearing properties than foams made with nonmodified polyols. The ability of a modified polyol to make a higher load bearing foam is related to the position in the polyol chain the epoxy resin is added.

Abstract: The modification of rigid amino polyols by their reaction with epoxy resin and alkylene oxides is described. The modified polyols produce rigid polyurethane foams that have higher heat distortion temperatures and better low temperature properties than foams made with nonmodified polyols. The viscosities of the epoxy resin-modified amino polyols are not significantly different than those of the prior art amino polyols although they are of a higher functionality.

Abstract: The invention covers a method for making reaction injection molded polyurethanes of improved properties. The elastomeric products having superior heat distortion and tear properties comprise the reaction product of an aromatic polyisocyanate, a high molecular weight polyol and a chain extending agent. Said polyol providing said improved properties is a poly(oxybutyleneoxyethylene) glycol having a molecular weight range of about 2,000-6,000. The polyurethane elastomer is prepared by injecting the above three agents through a RIM head into a mold cavity of the desired configuration. Reaction injection molded elastomers are useful as molded articles of commerce including, but not limited to, vehicle body parts.

Abstract: A polyurea polymer polyol made by the reaction of a hydroxyl-containing amine, a polyether polyol of about 3,000 to 8,000 molecular weight and an organic polyisocyanate is disclosed. This polyurea polymer polyol may be used in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams which are firmer and stronger than similar products using conventional polyols.

Abstract: A polyurea polymer polyol with improved storage stability is made by the reaction of a hydroxyl-containing amine, a polyether polyol of about 3,000 to 8,000 molecular weight and an organic polyisocyanate followed by quenching with a secondary amine. This stable polyurea polymer polyol may be used in the manufacture of flexible polyurethane foams which are firmer and stronger than similar products using conventional polyols.

Abstract: Covers polyester polycarbonates of the structure: ##STR1## wherein X and Y, independently, are H, methyl, or ethyl, m and n independently are integers of 1-5, R is a nucleus of a glycol selected from the group of lower alkylene glycols and polyalkylene glycols of up to about 600 molecular weight, Z is an organic radical from a cyclic organic acid anhydride having 4-20 carbon atoms, and r is an integer of 1-5.Also covers a method of preparing said polyester polycarbonates as well as polyurethanes derived therefrom, as well as polyisocyanurate polymers containing both isocyanurate linkages and urethane linkages.