Abstract: Noise parameters are used to characterize noise performance of linear devices, such as amplifiers. Such noise parameters have not been used for frequency conversion devices, such as mixers. Direct measurements of single-side-band noise figures are accurately represented by the measured noise parameters, which fully characterize the noise figure of the mixers for all harmonic impedance loading conditions. Each harmonic side band of frequencies contributing noise to the mixer output is associated with a set of noise parameters. A measurement method for extracting the noise parameters is described.

Abstract: Noise parameters are used to characterize noise performance of linear devices, such as amplifiers. Such noise parameters have not been used for frequency conversion devices, such as mixers. Direct measurements of single-side-band noise figures are accurately represented by the measured noise parameters, which fully characterize the noise figure of the mixers for all harmonic impedance loading conditions. Each harmonic side band of frequencies contributing noise to the mixer output is associated with a set of noise parameters. A measurement method for extracting the noise parameters is described.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to estimate demography based on aerial images are disclosed. An example method includes analyzing a first aerial image of a first geographic area to detect a first plurality of objects, analyzing a second aerial image of a second geographic area to detect a second plurality of objects, associating first demographic information to the second plurality of objects, the first demographic information obtained by a sampling of the second geographic area, and comparing the second plurality of objects to the first plurality of objects to estimate a demographic characteristic of the first geographic area based on the comparison.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture to measure geographical features using an image of a geographical location are disclosed. An example method includes identifying first features of a first open market from a first image of a first geographic area, identifying second features of a second image of a second geographic area, comparing the first features to the second features, and identifying a second open market in the second image based on the comparison.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to estimate demography based on aerial images are disclosed. An example method includes analyzing a first aerial image of a first geographic area to detect a first plurality of objects, analyzing a second aerial image of a second geographic area to detect a second plurality of objects, associating first demographic information to the second plurality of objects, the first demographic information obtained by a sampling of the second geographic area, and comparing the second plurality of objects to the first plurality of objects to estimate a demographic characteristic of the first geographic area based on the comparison.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to estimate demography based on aerial images are disclosed. An example method includes analyzing a first aerial image of a first geographic area to detect a first plurality of objects, and estimating a demographic characteristic of the first geographic area based on the first plurality of objects.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to estimate demography based on aerial images are disclosed. An example method includes analyzing a first aerial image of a first geographic area to detect a first plurality of objects, and estimating a demographic characteristic of the first geographic area based on the first plurality of objects.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture to measure geographical features using an image of a geographical location are disclosed. An example method includes identifying first features of a first open market from a first image of a first geographic area, identifying second features of a second image of a second geographic area, comparing the first features to the second features, and identifying a second open market in the second image based on the comparison.